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Diversity in Living Organisms: The Five Kingdoms
- 3. Diversity in living organism :- • The organism a group according to their increasing similarities. The organism also arranged from less complex to more and more complex types. • Before will talk of diversity in organism on a Broad scale we should first get Familiar with category level of diversity, namely: species, Genus, family, Order, Class, phylum and Kingdom.
- 4. Five kingdom classification :-- The five kingdom classification under the recent scheme of classification are:- 1. Monera 2. Protesta 3. Fungi 4. Plantae 5. Animalia
- 5. • Kingdom Monera ( Unicellular & prokaryotic ) --It Mainly includes bacteria • These are single - celled organisms. • They are no organisms nucleus. • The nuclear Material (DNA) is distributed in the cell without being enclosed in a nuclear this condition of the cell is called prokaryotic • (Pro: primitive, karyon: nucleus). • They are also devoid of membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and
- 6. Bacteria. Three common shapes ---rods,spirals and spheres (singly, in groups or in chanis)
- 7. • Kingdom PROTISTA or more appropriately PROTOCTISTA( eukaryotic and mostly Unicellular) --- these are single celled organism Having a well defined nucleus With a nuclear membrane (eukaryotic). They Include both the unicellular green autotrophic organism (e.g.chlamydonas) as well as unicellular green autotrophic organism (e.g. EUGLENA,Ameoba,Paramecium) Some multicellular photosynthesis plant - like organisms such as Pandorina .
- 8. • Four common protists are:--
- 9. • Kingdom FUNGI (usually multicellular, eukaryotic, achlorophyllous and saprophytic)-- Most fungi are made up of thread- like hyphae rather than cells, and there are many nuclei distributed in the continuous cytoplasm. Examples:- Bread mould , Toadstool, yeast, penicillium.
- 11. • Kingdom PLANTAE ( multicellular, eukaryotic and autotrophic)--- these all have chlorophyll and they make their own food by photosynthesis ( autotrophic i.e self nourishing).Kingdom plantae is further divided in five division, namely Thallophyta (algae),Bryophyta(mosses), pteridophyta(ferns),gymnosperms (pine,etc), and Angiosperms (flowering plants).
- 12. • Kingdom ANIMALIA(multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic)-- These are multicellular organisms without cell wall, without chlorophyll and obtaining food by eating or sucking, (HETEROTROPHIC) i.e, differently nourished). The organisms belonging to this group are usually mobile, but some like sponges and corals are Non- mobile (or sessile). Of all the living organism, we are generally most familiar with plants ( PLANTAE) and animal ( ANIMALIA).
- 13. Plantae- the five major division --- Thallophyta (algae), Bryophyta (mosses), pteridophyta(ferns), Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (flowering plants).