Optical fibers carry data over long distances at high speeds using light that travels down the core of the fiber and bounces off the cladding. They have advantages over copper cables in that they can transmit data over longer distances and faster speeds while being smaller, lighter, and able to be bent. However, optical fibers are more expensive to install and can be easily damaged. Overall, while optical fibers have disadvantages, they will likely replace copper cables in networks due to their advantages.