ECUADOR

1. ECUADOR
Republicof Ecuador
Repúblicadel Ecuador (Spanish)
IkwayurRunaqImayka (Quechua)
Flagof Ecuador
Flag
{{{coat_alt}}}
Coat of arms
Motto:
"Dios,patriay libertad"(Spanish)
"Pro Deo,Patriaet Libertate"(Latin)
"God, homelandandfreedom"
Anthem:Salve,OhPatria (Spanish)
Hail,Oh Homeland
MENU0:00
Locationof Ecuador (dark green) inSouthAmerica (grey)
Locationof Ecuador (dark green)
inSouth America (grey)
Locationof Ecuador
Capital Quito
00°9′S 78°21′W
Largestcity Guayaquil
Official languages Spanish[1]
Recognizedregional languages Kichwa(Quichua),Shuarandothers"are inofficial use for
indigenouspeoples"[2]
Ethnicgroups ([3])
71.9% Mestizo
7.4% Montubio
7.2% Afro-Ecuadorian
7% Amerindian

2. 6.1% White
0.4% others
Demonym Ecuadorian
Government Unitary presidentialconstitutional republic
• President
Lenín Moreno
• Vice President
María AlejandraVicuña
Legislature National Assembly
Independence
• Declared
August10, 1809
• fromSpain
May 24, 1822
• fromGran Colombia
May 13, 1830
• RecognizedbySpain
February16, 1840[4]
• Currentconstitution
September28,2008
Area
• Total
283,561[5] km2 (109,484 sq mi)a(73rd)
• Water(%)
5
Population
• 2016 estimate
16,385,068[6] (65th)
• 2010 census
14,483,499[7]
• Density

3. 58.95/km2 (152.7/sq mi) (151st)
GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate
• Total
$194.845 billion[8]
• Percapita
$11,788[8]
GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate
• Total
$109.759 billion[8] (64th)
• Percapita
$6,640[8]
Gini (2014) Positive decrease 45.4[9]
medium
HDI (2017) Increase 0.752[10]
high· 86th
Currency UnitedStatesdollarb(USD)
Time zone UTC−5 / −6 (ECT/ GALT)
Drivingside right
Callingcode +593
ISO3166 code EC
InternetTLD .ec
IncludingGalápagos.
Sucre until 2000, replacedbythe US$ and Ecuadoriancentavocoins.
Ecuador (/ˈɛkwədɔːr/(Aboutthissoundlisten) EK-wə-dor,Spanish:[ekwaˈðoɾ]) (Quechua:
Ikwayur),officiallythe Republicof Ecuador(Spanish:Repúblicadel Ecuador,whichliterally
translatesas"Republicof the Equator";Quechua:IkwadurRipuwlika),is acountryin
northwesternSouthAmerica,borderedbyColombiaonthe north,Peruonthe eastand south,
and the PacificOceanto the west.Ecuador alsoincludesthe GalápagosIslandsinthe Pacific,
about1,000 kilometres(620mi) westof the mainland.The capital cityisQuito,while the
largestcityis Guayaquil.
What isnow Ecuador washome to a varietyof Amerindiangroupsthatwere gradually
incorporatedintothe IncaEmpire duringthe 15th century.The territorywascolonizedby
Spainduringthe 16th century,achievingindependence in1820 as part of Gran Colombia,from

4. whichitemergedasitsown sovereignstate in1830. The legacyof bothempiresisreflectedin
Ecuador's ethnicallydiversepopulation,withmostof its16.4 millionpeoplebeingmestizos,
followedbylarge minoritiesof European,Amerindian,andAfricandescendants.Spanishisthe
official language andisspokenbyamajorityof the population,though13Amerindian
languagesare alsorecognized,includingQuichuaandShuar.
The sovereignstate of Ecuadoris a middle-incomerepresentative democraticrepublicwitha
developingeconomythatishighlydependentoncommodities,namelypetroleumand
agricultural products.Itisgovernedasa democraticpresidential republic.One of 17
megadiversecountriesinthe world,[11][12] Ecuadorhostsmanyendemicplantsandanimals,
such as those of the GalápagosIslands.Inrecognitionof itsunique ecological heritage,the new
constitutionof 2008 isthe firstinthe worldto recognize legallyenforceable Rightsof Nature,
or ecosystemrights.[13]