Hybrid Syntactic Foam Based Natural Fibre Composite Structure

1. HYBRIDSYNTACTIC
FOAM BASED NATURAL
FIBERCOMPOSITE
GENERAL APPLICATION OFTHE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

2. MATERIAL
SELECTION
 EPOXY RESIN
 HARDENER
 HOLLOWGLASS MICROSPHERE
 GLASS FIBRE
 SISAL+ KENAF FIBRE
 CARBON NANOTUBE
 CATALYST
 SILICON MOLD

3. METHODSOF
FABRICATION:
1. LAMINATE
METHOD
2.CASTING
METHOD
 LAMINATE METHOD:
This method will be done by
fabricating the syntactic foam
separately and then laminate it
by the hybrid fibres using
infusion method.
 CASTING METHOD:
 This is done by cutting the
fibres into smaller sizes, mix
it with resin, hardener and
the microsphere gradually
and then pour the mixture
into the mould to cast at
room temperature.

4. APPLICATIONS:
-To improve the
buoyancy of
materials in
subsea region.
- Heat
retardation
To improve Buoyancy
 Buoyancy or upthrust, is an
upward force exerted by a
fluid that opposes the weight
of an immersed object. Any
object, wholly or partially
immersed in a fluid, is
buoyed up by a force equal to
the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object.
 Buoyancy= weight of the
fluid displaced
 Buoyancy force = weight of
object in empty space –
weight of object immersed in
fluid
Heat Retardation
 Syntactic foam is an heat
insulating material used to
solve the problem of increase
in the efficiency of heat
supply equipment and
pipeline heat insulation.
 The main property of
syntactic foam used as an
heat insulating material is its
lowest heat conductivity
coefficient.
 The heat conductivity will be
determine by using Fourier
heat conductivity equation.

5. Forces and equilibrium
To calculate the pressure
inside a fluid in equilibrium,
the equation below will be
used:
𝑓 + 𝑑𝑖𝑣 σ = 0
where f is the force density
exerted by some outer field
on the fluid, and σ is the
Cauchy stress tensor.
Buoyancy of an object
The forces at work in buoyancy. The object will be able to float
when the upward force of buoyancy is equal to the downward
force of gravity.

6. TYPESOF
BUOYANCY
1. HOV Buoyancy: Human-
occupied Vehicles (HOVs) require
man-rated buoyancy to safely
support human exploration at
deeper depths for extended periods
of time. To effectively mitigate the
increased risks associated with the
crushing hydrostatic pressures of
the deep sea, choosing the right
syntactic material is critical.
Human-OccupiedVehicles (HOV) Buoyancy
Fig.1
Fig.2
HOV Buoyancy is
used in special
design exploration
for both fresh water
and marine
environments. They
offer safe and
reliable means to
access underwater
environments for
any length of time
at considerable
depth.

7. 2. AUV Buoyancy: Autonomous
UnderwaterVehicles (AUVs) is
required when choosing the right
buoyancy material which is critical
to the design and production in
subsea application.To operate
successfully, AUVs require buoyancy
that performs at a range of depths,
for extensive periods of time with
low power consumption. More-
over, considering the sleek design
of most AUVs, it must be as
compact as possible, while still
providing maximum lift.
Low-density syntactic foams are
deigned to meet the stringent
buoyancy and performance
requirements of today’s industry
leadingAUV applications
Autonomous UnderwaterVehicles (AUVs) Buoyancy
Fig.3
Fig.4 Fig.5
AUV Buoyancy
can be used for
sophisticated
material
technology and
design

8. 3. ROV Buoyancy: Buoyancy design
and selection are critical to the
successful operation of Remotely
Operated Vehicles (ROVs). Low-
density syntactic materials make
ROVs neutrally buoyant, resistant
to hydrostatic pressure and able to
explore deeper depths for extended
periods of time. In addition, these
high-performance materials help to
meet the rapidly growing demand
to support heavier and more
complex payloads while
maintaining the vehicle’s compact
dimensions.
Syntactic foams are designed to
provide the highest possible
buoyancy and most dependable
long-term operational performance
from the surface to the ocean floor
Fig.6
Fig.7
Fig.8
Source of pictures: Engineering Syntactic System (ESS)
Remotely OperatedVehicles (ROVs) Buoyancy
ROV Buoyancy can
be used when
working at depths
in excess of 3000m.
Its reliability is very
essential.

9. Syntactic
Foam as Heat-
insulating
Material
Classification of Heat-insulating materials.
Formation type Types
non-organic organic combined
Fibre - asbestos - felt -
-glass wool - cotton
- fibreglass -cane fibre boards
Porous - expanded perlite - polystyrene foam - foamed resin concrete
- foamed concrete - foamed rubber
Composite - cement-based SF - polymer microsphere - syntactic
-based SF (spheroplasts) foams based on
- fibre-reinforced cement epoxy resin
Source of table: www.ccsenet.org/mas: Modern Applied Science vol.9, No. 4; 2015.

10. Structuralmaterialsand
examples ofsyntactic
foamusedforflame
retardation.
The impressive mechanical
properties of syntactic materials
provide strength and structural
integrity at a significantly lower
weight per volume than most
traditional materials. In addition,
exceptional thermal protection and
resistance to water absorption
make syntactic foam the ideal
solution for many Marine, Defense,
off-shore and mining applications.
Syntactic foam have low-density
material specifically designed to
meet the flame, smoke and toxicity
requirements of the construction
industries.
Flames Retardant Syntactic Foams
Fig.9 Fig.10
Fig.11
The high loading of hollow glass
spheres in syntactic foams gives
them both low thermal
conductivity and low specific
heat at extremely high strengths.
Customers often put these
properties to use in pipeline and
subsea hardware insulation.

11. Machining of
Syntactic
Foam using a
(¼” carbide bit
withTarmac
PCNC 1100)

12. Machining of
Syntactic
Foam using a
“HomagCNC
Router”

13. Machining
using HYTAC-
B1XCNC
machine.

14. THANKYOU!