Children can be born with chromosomal abnormalities where they have an irregular number of chromosomes or where chromosomes have irregular structures. Down syndrome occurs when a child has an extra chromosome 21 and results in physical characteristics like a protruding tongue and mental retardation ranging from mild to severe. Klinefelter syndrome only affects boys who have one X and two Y chromosomes, and results in long legs, breast growth and sterility. Turner syndrome only affects girls who are missing a second sex chromosome, leading to broad chests, short stature and lack of sexual development.

1. Chromosomal Abnormalities
Nusrat Zerin

2. Chromosomal Abnormalities
Children with chromosome abnormalities are
born with an irregular number of
chromosomes (more than or fewer than 46) or
with one or more chromosomes that have
irregular structures (deletions from or
duplications to parts of an individual
chromosome, or with a part of one
chromosome moved to another location).

3. 1. Down Syndrome
Children with Down syndrome have one extra
chromosome
Physical characteristics
protruding tongue, thick lips, flat nose, short
neck, wide gaps between toes, short fingers,
specific health problems, and risks for heart
problems and hearing loss.
Mental retardation can range from mild to severe.
Children often have good visual discrimination
skills and may be better at understanding verbal
language than producing it.

4. 2. Klinefelter Syndrome
Only boys have Klinefelter syndrome; they
have one Y chromosome and two X
chromosomes.
Diagnosis may not occur until adolescence,
when testes fail to enlarge. Affected boys tend
to have long legs, to grow modest breast
tissue, a/1d to remain sterile.
They tend to show lower than average verbal
ability and some speech and language delays.

5. 3.Turner Syndrome
Only girls have Turner syndrome; they have
one X chromosome and are missing the
second sex chromosome.
Affected girls have broad chests, webbed
necks, short stature, and specific health
problems. They do not show normal sexual
development. They may show normal verbal
ability.