1. Anatomy of Eye, How we see and
eye problems
Nusrat Zerin
For BSEd course
Bangladesh Institute of Special
Education

2. Anatomy of Eye
Outer eye: Eyelid, eyelashes
Inner eye: Eye ball, optic nerve

5. Three different layers of eye:
1. The external layer - Sclera (white
& gives eye it’s shape)
2. The intermediate layer – Choroid
(contains blood vessel)
3. The internal layer - Retina
the sensory part of the eye

6. The eye has a number of components
1. Sclera
2. choroid
3. Retina
4. Conjunctiva
5. Cornea
6. Iris
7. Pupil
8. Lens
9. Macula
10. optic nerve
11. Vitreous body
12. Aqueous body
13. Optic nerve

7. Three chambers of fluid:
1. Anterior chamber (between cornea and
iris)
2. Posterior chamber (between iris and
lens)
3. Vitreous chamber (between the lens
and the retina).
The first two chambers are filled with
aqueous humor the vitreous chamber is
filled with a more sticky fluid, the vitreous
humor.

9. Cornea: clear front window of the eye that transmits and main function is
refraction & transfer light into the eye, .
Conjunctiva: transparent layer covers cornea and sclera, contribute to tear
production & protect eye from infection
Iris: colored cell of the eye that helps regulate the amount of light that enters
Pupil: dark aperture/hole in the iris that determines how much light is let into
the eye (adjust light entry)
Ciliary body: joins Iris with Choroid & makes aqueous humour
Lens: transparent structure inside the eye that focuses light rays onto the
retina
Retina: nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates
electrical impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain
Macula: small central area in the retina that contains special light-sensitive
cells and allows us to see fine details clearly
Optic nerve: connects the eye to the brain and carries the electrical impulses
formed by the retina to the visual cortex of the brain
Vitreous: clear, jelly-like substance that fills the middle of the eye

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11. How we see-

12. Vision problems:
1. Myopia: Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error, which
means the eye does not bend or refract light properly.
2. Hyperopia: Hyperopia (farsightedness), is a refractive error,
which means that the eye does not bend or refract light
properly to a single focus to see images. It occurs when the
eye is shorter than normal or has a cornea (clear front
window of the eye) that is too flat.
3. Astigmatism: Astigmatism is an imperfection in the curvature
of your cornea — the clear, round dome covering the eye's
iris and pupil — or in the shape of the eye's lens.

15. Causes of vision loss
- Congenital
- Disease (Cataract, vit A deficiency, myopia,
hyperopia, astigmatism, lazy eye, albinism,
Glaucoma, Trachoma, dry eye, diabetic
retinopathy, Retinitis pigmentosa)
- Accidents / trauma

16. Types of vision loss
• Total blind
• Low vision