Chinese culture has a long history dating back thousands of years. It encompasses diverse aspects such as ceramics, architecture, music, literature, martial arts, cuisine, philosophy and religion. Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have historically shaped Chinese culture and religion. Chinese folk religion, involving allegiance to gods and immortals, is also widely practiced. Chinese cuisine varies regionally and features dishes from eight major styles. Chinese music dates back 8000 years and Chinese opera, especially Peking opera, is a significant art form. Chinese literature and kung fu are also important components of Chinese cultural heritage.

1. TOPIC: CHINESE CULTURE 中国文化
NAME : CHANMARY OUCH
STUDENT ID : 201924402006

2. Chinese Culture-a
short introduction
• Chinese culture is one of
the world’s oldest
cultures, tracing back to
thousands of years ago.
Important components of
Chinese culture includes
ceramics, architecture,
music, literature, martial
arts, cuisine, visual arts,
philosophy and religion.

3. Chinese Religion
中国宗教
• Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the
“three teachings” that historically have shaped Chinese culture.
There are no clear boundariesbetween these intertwined
religious systems, which don’t claim to be exclusive, and elements
of each enrich popular or folk religion. Folk or popular religion, the
most widespread system of beliefs and practices has evolved and
adapted since at least Shang and Zhou dynasties. During the period
fundamental elements of a theology and spiritual explanation for
the nature of the universe emerged. Basically, it consists in
allegiance to the “shen”, a character that signifies a variety of gods
and immortals, who can be deities of the natural environment of
ancestral principles of human groups, concepts of civility, cultural
heroes, many of whom feature in Chinese mythology and history.
Recent surveys estimated that some 80% of Han Chinese practice
some kind of Chinese folk religion and Taoism; 10-16% are
Buddhists; 3-4% are Christians; and 1-2% are Muslims.

4. Chinese folk
religion
Taoism
religion
Buddhism

5. Chinese Food
中国菜
• The history of Chinese food in China stretches
back for thousands of years and has changed
from period to period in each region according to
climate, imperial fashions, and local preferences.
The “Eight Cuisines” of China are Anhui,
Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong,
Sichuan, and Zhejiang cuisines. These styles are
distinctive from one another due to factors such
as availability of resources, climate, geography,
history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. For
example, Jiangsu cuisine favours cooking
techniques such as braising and stewing, while
Sichuan cuisine employs baking. Hairy crab is a
highly sought-after local delicacy in Shanghai, as
it can be found in lakes within the region. Peking
duck and dim-sum are other popular dishes well
know outside of China.

6. Jiangsu Cuisine
江苏菜
• Jiangsucuisine, also called Su cuisine, one of the
eight Chinese cuisines with over 2,000 years’ history,
is famous for its beautiful and delicate appearance
and the fresh, umami, natural, mild and lightly sweet
taste. Most of the Jiangsucuisine dishes well preserve
the original flavor of food materials. The chefs are
especially good at simmering, braising, and stewing.
Famous Jiangsu dishes are Brine-Boiled Duck, Sweet
and Sour Mandarin Fish, Braised Meat Balls in Brown
Sauce, Beggar’s Chicken and so on.

7. Sichuan Cuisine
川菜
• Sichuan cuisine, or Szechuan cuisine and
Chuan cuisine, is one of the eight Chinese
cuisines popular in Sichuan and Chongqing
area, even globally and it has the largest
market share in China. Sichuan cuisine
dishes are featured with hot, spicy and fish-
flavor taste, colorful appearance, abundant
using of seasonings especially pepper and
prickly ashes and various cooking methods.
Sichuan hot pot, Ma Po Tofu, Kung Pao
Chicken, Sliced Beef and Ox Organs in Chili
Sauce, Sliced Pork in Hot Chili Oil are the
famous and representative Sichuan cuisine
dishes.

8. Shandong Cuisine
鲁菜
• Shandong cuisine, originated from Zibo, Shandong, is
considered as the No. 1 of 8 great cuisines of China for
these reasons: it is the only self-originated cuisine
among the 8 major Chinese cuisines while others are
influenced by other cuisines more or less; Shandong
cuisine history is the longest among all cuisines; it has
the most abundant cooking techniques and the most
difficult cooking and cutting methods. Most Shandong
dishes are umamiand moderately salty, sweet and sour
dishes are also well-liked. Representative dishes are
Sweet and Sour Carp, Braised Sea Cucumber with
Scallion, Braised Intestines in Brown Sauce and Braised
Prawns in Oil.

9. Hunan Cuisine
湘菜
• Hunan cuisine, also called Xiang cuisine, is
one of the eight cuisines in China, which is
popular not only in Hunan Province, but in the
whole China. Hunan cuisine is welcomed
abroad as well, such as the United States,
Europe, Japan, and Southeast Asia. It has an
aromatic and spicy flavor as pepper is the
most important condiment. Its representative
dishes include Steamed Fish Head with
Chopped Chili, Fried Pork with Chili, Tasty
Lobster, Changsha Stinky Tofu, Hunan Rice
Noodles, Dong’an Chicken, and Spicy Salted
Duck, etc

10. Zhejiang Cuisine
浙菜
• Zhejiang cuisine, Zhe cuisine or Zhejiang food,
one of the eight traditional Chinese cuisines, is
originated and popular in Zhejiang Province of
China. Most Zhejiang cuisine dishes tastefresh
and light and maintain the original flavor of
ingredients. Fresh seafood, river food and
seasonal ingredients are widely used. The
notable Zhejiang cuisine dishes include West
Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy, Fried Shrimps with
Longjing Tea, Dongpo Pork, Braised Bamboo
Shoot, Stir-Fried Beancurd Rolls Stuffed with
Minced Tenderloin, etc.

11. Cantonese Cuisine
粤菜
Cantonese cuisine, also called Yue cuisine or
Guangdong cuisine is one of the eight major
cuisines with a long history of about 2,000 years.
It is featured with widely use of materials and
rich cooking methods. Cantonese dishes taste
mild, fresh and natural. The mostfamous include
White Cut Chicken, Cantonese Roasted Goose
and Roasted Suckling Pig. Most of the Chinese
restaurants abroad are Cantonese restaurants,
making Cantonese cuisine the most popular
Chinese cuisine around the world and the
representative of Chinese cuisines in the world.
It consists of three branches: Guangzhou dishes,
Chaozhou dishes and Dongjiang dishes, and each
has its own characteristics.

12. Anhui Cuisine
徽菜
• Anhui cuisine, or simply Hui cuisine, is
originated over 1,000 years ago from Huizhou,
the current Shexian County at the foot
of Yellow Mountain in Anhui Province. Anhui
cuisine is one of the eight Chinese cuisines. The
ingredients are mostly from the wild, and the
flavor is light. Anhui cuisine attaches
importance to dietetic invigoration with
natural ingredients. The representative dishes
and Anhui cuisine desserts include Stinky
Mandarin Fish, Fried Hairy Tofu, Steamed
Partridge, Stewed BambooShoots of
Wenzheng Mountain, Huangshan Stewed
Pigeon, Li Hongzhang Chop Suey, etc.

13. Chinese Music
中国音乐
• According to the archaeologicaldiscovery of the bone-flute
unearthed in Wuyang County, Henan Province, Chinese music can be
traced back to 8000 years ago. Over a long history, Chinese nation
created a marvelous culture of music which also has a far-reaching
influence to the country’s neighboring areas.
• China is known as a country of music in the far ancient times; the
Chinese ancient music is of great importancein the culture and
etiquetteof the country. With a longstandingtraditionof musical
educationas early as the Warring State Period (475 BC - 221 BC),
Confucius had set the study procedures from poems to etiquetteand
then the last important,to music. Developedfrom the primitive music
created in collectivelabouring, Chinese music has expanded intoa huge
system for a long-term creationwith rich instruments and forms, and a
large number of excellent musicians and pieces. Talk about Chinese
music, the unique folk music and the "essence" of China culture, the
Chinese operas, can not be missed, while talk about folk songs, we have
to mention The Jasmine Flowers, which is a world-renowned song and
identifiedas the premier representativeof the Chinese folk music.

14. China Opera
中國歌劇
• Chinese culture is a great and extensive civilization with featured Chinese
traditional opera, especially the Peking Opera, which is regarded as the national
opera or the quintessence of Chinese culture. With incomparable artistic charm,
Chinese opera delights people home and abroad and enjoys a particular
important statue in the world, known as Three Ancient Dramas together with
Ancient Greek drama and Indian Sanskritdrama.
• Chinese opera was born from the ancient songs and dances, and finally
completed as a mature art form after a long historical development in Ming and
Qing dynasties (1368-1911). It is a comprehensive stagecraft combining folk songs
and dances, dialogue and burlesque, including art fields of literature, music,
dance, fine art, acrobatics, martial art and performing art. According to a rough
estimation, about 360 operas exist in China. With a center criterion, each in
different areas has developed to a style of its own with distinctive local features.
Famous operas include Peking Opera, Shaoxing Opera, Huangmei Opera, Kunqu
Opera, Yuju (Henan) Opera, Cantonese Opera, Shanghai Opera, Sichuan Opera,
Shanxi Opera, Pingju Opera, Hunan Opera, Huagu (flower drum) Opera, etc.

15. Chinese Literature
中国文学
• Chinese literature is time-honored with a history
about 3000 years. Because of its unique form and
style as well as rich cultural content, Chinese
literature is distinguished by featured aesthetic
ideal, reigning traditional thoughts and culture, and
critical system. Throughout a long history
development, masses of men of letter have
produced lavish works which incorporate
outstanding forms, unique styles, bright individuality
and attractive charm that make Chinese literature a
glamorous gem of the world literature.

16. Chinese Kung Fu
中国功夫
• Far and wide known as Kungfu (功夫) all over the world,
Chinese martial art is also calledWugong (武功) or Wushu
(武术) at home by Chinese people. It can be seen as an art
of attack and defense in which a series of skills and trick
are highly emphasized.
• Being a characteristic martial culture, Kungfu
agglomerates the Confucius, Taoist and Buddhist theories
of keeping one's mind in equanimityand nourishing one's
vital spirit, while vigorousness permeates the soft theory
simultaneously,with ancientChinese transcendents'
insights of life and the universe.
• Has been developingfor thousands of years, Kungfu is not
only a kind of martial art but also a precious cultural
treasure, a way of body buildingas well as sport fashion.
Made up of various styles, Kungfu alwayscharms its fans
with its ever-changing and challengeableskills, from all
kinds of Kungfu shows to Chinese Kungfu films.

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