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1. LordGeezShyrelmL.Apat. 8-Sampaguita
China Japan Philippines
Famous
Festival
Winter Solstice Festival
The Winter Solsticebecamea festivalduring the
Han Dynasty(206BC-220 AD) and thrivedin the
Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). The Han
people regarded WinterSolstice as a "Winter
Festival", so officials would organizecelebrating
activities. On this day, both officials andcommon
people wouldhave a rest
Japanese Festivals
Are traditional festiveoccasions. Somefestivals
have their roots in Chinesefestivals but have
undergonedramaticchanges as they mixed with
local customs.
Dinagyang Festival
With more than onehundredfestivals in the
Philippines, Dinagyang festivalis themost
famous becauseofit's excellencein folk
choreography and a perfectshowcaseof
Ilonggo's culture and heritage. Mainly,the
festivalis a thanksgiving anda celebrationin
honor ofSr. SantoNiño; it is celebrated every
fourth week ofJanuary. Peoplefromdifferent
places all overtheworld go to thePhilippines
during the festivalto winess the colorful, loud-
drumbeat and street party in IloiloCity

2. Wedding
Traditions
Welcoming the Bride
The Chinese wedding ritual begins with the groom
going to the bride’s home.Younger brides often
have a few girlfriends atthehome who willtease
the groom before handing over thebride. Thegirls
will barterwith thegroom whomust beg and
bribe the girls withsmall gifts orredenvelopes
stuffed withmoney arehanded overin exchange
for the bride.
Wedding traditionsin Japan
Japan has this endless attraction for romantic
stuff. WhileJapanesepeople celebrate
Valentine’s day almostas a socialobligation, it’s
Christmas Eve which plays theroleofparty night
for lovers. In this questfor romance, western
marriage’s popularity has increaseddrastically
since theend ofthe1990s. The Japanese
gradually swap the kimono for a whitewedding
dress and a western smoking.They evenbuild
churches or chapels to host weddings for
Japanese who know absolutely nothing about
Christianity.
Philippine Wedding TraditionsAre
a combinationofpre-colonial andwestern
wedding practices.Wedding traditions have
been adopted by Filipinos fromtheirSpanish
and Americancolonizers and combined with
early Filipinopractices through thecenturies.
While many oftheolder traditions are
predominantly associated with Roman Catholic
weddings, someofthese traditions are applied
in weddings ofthosewith other beliefs as well.
Unique
Cuisines /
Dishes
ChineseCcuisine
Includes styles originating fromthediverseregions
ofChina, as wellas from Chinesepeoplein other
parts oftheworld. ThehistoryofChinesecuisine
in China stretches back for thousands ofyears and
has changed from periodto period andin each
region according to climate, imperialfashions, and
local preferences. Overtime,techniques and
ingredients fromthecuisines ofother cultures
were integrated intothecuisine oftheChinese
people dueboth toimperialexpansion and from
the tradewith nearbyregions inpre-modern
times, andfrom EuropeandtheNewWorld inthe
modern period.
JapaneseCuisine
Is the food—ingredients,preparationand way of
eating—ofJapan. Thetraditional foodof Japan is
based onricewith miso soupand other dishes,
each in its own utensil, with an emphasis on
seasonal ingredients. The sidedishes often
consistoffish, pickledvegetables, and
vegetables cooked inbroth.Fish is common in
the traditionalcuisine.It is often grilled, butit
may alsobe served raw as sashimior in sushi.
Seafood andvegetables arealso deep-friedin a
light batteras tempura.
PhilippineCuisine
Consists ofthe food, preparation methods and
eating customs found inthePhilippines. The
style ofcooking andthefood associated with it
have evolvedover many centuries from its
Austronesianorigins toa mixed cuisineof
Malay, Spanish, Chinese, and American,as well
as other AsianandLatin influences adapted to
indigenous ingredients andthelocal palate.
Dishes rangefrom thevery simple, likea meal
offried saltedfishand rice, to the elaborate
paellas and cocidos createdfor fiestas, also
spaghettiandlasagna ofItalian origin. Popular
dishes include: lechón (wholeroastedpig),
longganisa (Philippinesausage), tapa (cured
beef), torta (omelette), adobo (chickenand/or
pork braisedin garlic, vinegar, oiland soy
sauce,or cooked untildry), kaldereta .
Chinese Family Values JapaneseValues Filipino Value

3. Family
Values
Westerners oftenromanticize Chineseand Asian
cultures, imagining them tobe noblerandmore
spirituallyaccomplishedthan their own societies.
But with Chinesepeople forming suchan
important worldcultural group,it is essentialto
understand thereality oftheir traditions and
beliefs,whichmay not always fit other people's
fantasies.For example, emphasis onthefamily isa
key aspect ofChinese culture,but family values
can be muchdifferent than Western ones.
A central concept in Chinesefamily values is the
idea of"filial piety,"or respecting parents and
grandparents. Children aretraditionally expected
to be obedient to their father andmotherfor their
whole lives, evenallowing parents todecidewhich
college theyattend orwhat career they choose.
Are cultural assumptions andideals particularto
Japanese culture. Thehonne/tatemaedivide
betweenpublic expression and private
thoughts/feelings is considered tobe of
paramountimportanceinJapaneseculture.
The population an identity andpride tohold on
during thesetimes oftroubles.In fact, these
values andtraditions werechannelled tothe
populationby twomaininstitutions: family and
education. Morespecifically,family played a big
part in forming the foundations for Japanese
individuals’ moral.
System or Filipino values refers totheset of
values or thevaluesystem thata majorityof
the Filipinohave historically heldimportant in
their lives. This Philippinevaluesystem
includes their own unique assemblageof
consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical
practices, etiquette, and culturaland personal
values that arepromotedby theirsociety. As
with any society though,thevalues thatan
individualholds sacred can differ onthebasis
ofreligion, upbringing andother factors.
As a general description, thedistinct value
system ofFilipinos is rooted primarily in
personal alliancesystems, especiallythose
based inkinship, obligation, friendship, religion
(particularlyChristianity), and commercial
relationships.
Music
Theatre Arts
Theatreof China
Has a long andcomplexhistory.Today it is often
calledChineseopera although this normally refers
specifically to the morewell-known forms such as
Beijing Opera andCantonese Opera,therehave
been many other forms oftheatrein China.
There are references to theatrical entertainments
in China as earlyas theShang Dynasty; theyoften
involved happiness,mimes,andacrobatic displays.
The Tang Dynasty is sometimes knownas "The Age
of1000 Entertainments". During this era,Ming
Huang formedan acting school knownas The Pear
Garden to producea formofdrama thatwas
primarily musical. That is why actors are
commonly called "Children ofthePear Garden."
Theatreof Japan
There are fourmajorforms oftraditional
Japanese theaterthat arefamous aroundthe
world. These areNoh,Kyogen, Kabuki, and
Bunraku, or puppettheater.
Japanese moderndrama intheearly 20th
century, the 1900s, consisted ofShingeki
(experimental Western-styletheater), which
employednaturalisticacting andcontemporary
themes in contrastto the stylized conventions of
Kabuki and Noh. Hōgetsu Shimamura andKaoru
Osanai weretwofigures influentialin the
development ofshingeki.
PhilippineTheatreArts
Theatre comes from a Greek word“theatron”
and it is a branch ofperforming arts that deals
with acting, singing and dancing on stage to
presenta story dramatically. InthePhilippines,
many talents arefirstexposed in thefield of
theatrearts. In fact, theatre arts havelong
been existing as a partoftheFilipinotradition
and serveeffectively as a mediumofsocial
awareness and entertainment.It is also a
means ofliberal andartfulwayofexpressing
opinions and talents.

4. Literature
Chinese Literature
Extends thousands ofyears, from the earliest
recordeddynastic courtarchives to the mature
vernacular fiction novels that aroseduring the
Ming Dynasty to entertain the masses ofliterate
Chinese. Theintroduction ofwidespread
woodblock printing during theTang Dynasty (618–
907) and theinvention ofmovable typeprinting by
Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song Dynasty
(960–1279) rapidly spread written knowledge
throughout China. In moremoderntimes,the
author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered the
founder ofbaihua literaturein China.
JapaneseLiterature
Were heavily influenced by culturalcontactwith
China andChinese literature, oftenwritten in
ClassicalChinese.Indian literaturealso had an
influencethroughthediffusion ofBuddhism in
Japan. Eventually, Japanese literaturedeveloped
into a separatestyleinits ownright as Japanese
writers began writing their own works about
Japan, although theinfluenceofChinese
literatureand ClassicalChinese remained until
the end ofthe Edoperiod. SinceJapanreopened
its ports to Western trading and diplomacy inthe
19th century,Western and Eastern literature
have strongly affected each other and continue
to do so.
PhilippineLiterature
Is the literatureassociated with the Philippines
and includes thelegends ofprehistory,and the
colonial legacyofthe Philippines. Pre-Hispanic
Philippineliteraturewere actually epics passed
on from generation togeneration originally
through oraltradition. However, wealthy
families,especially inMindanaowere ableto
keep transcribed copies ofthese epics as
family heirloom. Onesuch epicwas the
Darangen, epic oftheMaranaos ofLake Lanao.
Most ofthe notableliterature ofthe
Philippines was written during theSpanish
period and thefirst halfofthe 20th century in
the Spanishlanguage. Philippineliteratureis
written inSpanish, English,Tagalog, or other
native.
Martial
Arts
Chinese MartialArts
Colloquiallyreferred toas kung fu or gung fu
(Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu) andwushu
(simplified Chinese: 武术; traditionalChinese: 武
術; pinyin: wǔshù), area number offighting styles
that havedevelopedover thecenturies inChina.
These fighting styles areoftenclassifiedaccording
to common traits, identified as "families"(家; jiā),
"sects"(派;pài) or "schools"(門,mén) ofmartial
arts. Examples ofsuchtraits includephysical
exercises involving animal mimicry, ortraining
methods inspired by Chinesephilosophies,
religions and legends. Styles that focus onqi
manipulation arecalledinternal(内家拳;
nèijiāquán), whileothers that concentrate on
improving muscleand cardiovascular fitness are
called"external"(外家拳; wàijiāquán).
Geographicalassociation, as in northern(北拳;
běiquán) and"southern"(南拳; nánquán), is
another popular classification method.
JapaneseMartialArts
Refer to the varietyofmartialarts nativeto the
country ofJapan. At least threeJapaneseterms
are usedinterchangeablywiththeEnglish phrase
"Japanesemartialarts"
The usage ofterm "budō"to mean martialarts is
a modern one, andhistorically the termmeant a
way oflife encompassing physical, spiritual, and
moral dimensions with a focus ofself-
improvement, fulfillment, or personal growth.
The terms bujutsu and bugeihavemorediscrete
definitions, at least historically speaking. Bujutsu
refers specifically to the practicalapplication of
martial tactics and techniques in actualcombat.
Bugei refers to the adaptationor refinementof
those tactics andtechniques tofacilitate
systematicinstruction anddisseminationwithin
a formal learning environment.
Filipino Martial Arts
Refer to ancientandnewerfighting methods
devisedin the Philippines. It incorporates
elements from both Westernand Eastern
Martial Arts.The mostpopularforms ofwhich
are known as Arnis/Eskrima/Kali. Theintrinsic
need for self-preservation was thegenesis of
these systems. Throughouttheages, invaders
and evolving localconflict imposed new
dynamics for combatin the islands now
making up thePhilippines.The Filipino people
developed battle skills as a directresult ofan
appreciation oftheir ever-changing
circumstances.They learnedoftenoutof
necessity howto prioritize, allocate anduse
common resources incombativesituations.
Filipinos havebeenheavily influencedby a
phenomenonofculturaland linguistic mixture.
Some ofthe specificmechanisms responsible
for culturaland martialchange extended from
phenomena such as war, political andsocial
systems,technology, tradeandofcourse,
simple practicality.
Filipino martial arts haveseen an increase in
prominencedueto severalHollywood movies
and the teachings ofmodernmasters suchas
Venancio"Anciong"Bacon, Dan Inosanto,

5. Cacoy Canete,Mike Inay, Remy Presas and
Ernesto Presas.
Social
Values
Chinese Social Values
This course traces the evolution ofChinesesocial
and politicalvalues intheclassical periodof
Chinesethought. Their discussions about, society,
human nature,culture andcoercionled to the
great Legalist experimentoftheQin Dynasty (221–
206 BC) and its aftermath whichproducedtheHan
conceptionofwhat wenow know as Chinese
politicalvalues. Westart withthetheory ofthe
“mandateofheaven,” whichleads us to
Confucius’s appealto ritual practices grounding a
culturalaccount ofsocialrole ethics.We lookat
Confucius’s arguments for his educational
methods including his rejection ofpunishment and
coercion. Next weturnto the rival Mohists’
critiqueofConfuciansocialvalues. Mohist
innovations launched a greater focus on political
theory.
SocialValues Japan
Traditionally, Japanesecultureis organized
around groups. Adults view childrenthat have
problems with group behaviorand interpersonal
relationships as thedeviantones. Adults most
highly value socialcooperativeness inchildren
because theyhold this traitto bemore
important thanindividual interests. The"bad"
childrenarethose who rejectthelife ofthe
group in favor ofanegocentric, individualistic
existence. Littleemphasis is placedon teaching
childrento thinkofthemselves as individuals
within society. Japanesechildren that are
extremely group orientedmay haveacquired
those values ofobedienceand conformity atthe
price ofautonomy and socialunderstanding.
PhilippinesSocialValues
The great majority ofthe Philippine population
is bound togetherby common values and a
common religion. Philippine society is
characterized by many positive traits.Among
these are strong religious faith, respect for
authority, and high regard for amor proprio
(self-esteem) and smoothinterpersonal
relationships. Philippinerespect for authority is
based onthespecialhonor paidto elder
members ofthefamilyand, by extension, to
anyone in a position ofpower. This
characteristicis generally conduciveto the
smooth running ofsociety, although, when
taken to extreme, it can develop intoan
authoritarianismthat discourages independent
judgment and individualresponsibility and
initiative.Filipinos aresensitiveto attacks on
their own self-esteem and cultivate a
sensitivityto theself-esteem ofothers as well.

6. Popular
Culture
China Popular Culture
While theOlympics are always good fuel for
national pride,ambivalentemotions stir up the
Chinesehearts when looking back attheLondon
Olympics:Greatmedal achievements, yetinferior
to the US; completedominancein severalsports,
but uncertainty whetheror notthey remain
Olympic events inthefuture;glorious moments
but some extraordinary failures (Liu Xiang?).
Above all a bitter tasteofvictimhood seems tofill
to mouths ofpoliticians, athletes andnetizens,
particularly when discussing the refereeing in
London 2012.
China's mostpopularathlete,LiuXiang,is
acclaiming the unflattering titleof'Liu Shuaishaui'
('falling Liu'), after a dramatictumble onthe110m
hurdles race at the London Olympics.Whilethe
popularity ofLiu was neverin question, some
popular reactions in China express littlesupport
and question the problematic morality behind his
failure.
JapanesePopular Culture
Not only reflects the attitudes and concerns of
the presentbutalsoprovides a link to the past.
Japanese cinema,cuisine,television programs,
anime, manga, and music alldeveloped from
older artistic andliterary traditions, and many of
their themes andstyles ofpresentation canbe
traced totraditionalart forms.Contemporary
forms ofpopular culture, muchlike the
traditionalforms, providenotonlyentertainment
but also an escapefor thecontemporary
Japanese fromtheproblems ofan industrial
world. Whenasked how they spenttheirleisure
time, 80 percent ofa sampleofmenand women
surveyedby thegovernment in1986said they
averaged about twoand one-halfhours per
weekday watching television,listening to the
radio, and reading Japanesenewspapers or
magazines.Some16percentspent an averageof
two and one-quarterhours a day engagedin
hobbies or amusements. Others spent leisure
time participating in sports,socializing, and
personal study. Teenagers andretired people
reportedspending moretimeon allofthese
activities than did other groups.
Culture of the Philippines
The cultureofthe Philippines reflects the
country's complex history. It is a Malayo-
Polynesian culture.
The Philippines was first settled by
Melanesians; today, althoughfew innumbers,
they preserve a very traditionalway oflifeand
culture.After them, theAustronesians ormore
specifically, Malayo-Polynesians,arrivedon the
islands.Today theAustronesian culture is very
evident intheethnicity, language,food, dance
and almostevery aspectofthe culture.These
Austronesians engaged intrading withChina,
India, Japan, theRyukyu Islands, the Middle
East, Borneo, andotherplaces. As a result,
those cultures havealso left a mark onFilipino
culture.
Unique
Beliefs
China Unique Belifs
China has been a multi-religioncountrysincethe
ancienttimes.It is wellknown thatConfucianismis
an indigenous religion andis thesoul ofChinese
culture,which enjoyed popular supportamong
people and evenbecamethe guiding ideology for
feudalismsociety, butit did not developinto a
national belief. It makes theculturemore tolerant
to others,thus,many other religions have been
brought intothecountry in differentdynasties, but
none ofthem developed powerful enough inthe
history and theyonlyprovidediverse peoplemore
spiritualsupport.
Japan Unique Belifs
Most, ifnot all, countries havecustoms and
beliefs that makethemdistinct as a people.
These include superstitions, ofwhichthe
Japanese havemany. Alot ofthesesuperstitions
may sound familiar and could bevariations ofour
own, whileothers may vergeon thebizarre.
You might comeacross someoftheseof
common Japanesesuperstitions during your stay
in Japanfor theKCPprogram.
PhilippineBeliefs
Superstition havegrown innumber throughout
the various regions andprovinces inthe
country. Thesebeliefs havecome fromthe
different saying andsuperstitions ofour
ancestors thataim toprevent dangerfrom
happening or tomake a personrefrain from
doing something in particular. Thesebeliefs
are part ofourculture, for onederives their
beliefs fromtheinfluences ofwhattheir
customs, traditions and culturehavedictated
to explain certainphenomena or to put a scare
in people. Somearepracticedprimarily
because Filipinos believethat there is nothing
to lose ifthey willcomplywith thesebeliefs.
The following aresomeofthedifferent
superstitions in thePhilippines.