المنظر نعوم تشومسكي

1. ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺱﺕﺭﺍﺕﺝﻱﺓ‬ ‫ﻡﻕﺍﻝﺍﺕ‬

2. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻣﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋﺎﳌ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮﻣﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﹼﺮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﳌﻔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﻋ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻌﻮ‬
‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﹼﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﰲ‬
١٠
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠ‬
.
)
١
(
‫ﺍﻹﳍﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠ‬
:
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﹼﻢ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺐ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ 
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻭﻳﺘ‬ ،
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻓﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳍﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
.
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳍﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
" .
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗﺸ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ‬ ،‫ﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﺸﻐﻼ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﺸﻐﻼ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﺸﻐﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﻌﻞ‬
،
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬
،
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﱴ‬
) ".
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻒ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
(
)
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺮ‬
..
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
"
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻞ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭ‬
-
‫ﺍﳊﻞ‬
."
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺘﻜﺮ‬
"
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎ‬
"
‫ﻫﺬﺍﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺜﲑ‬ ‫َﻌﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗـ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬
:
‫ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺠﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،
:
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ 
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳﺘ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ 
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ 
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
.
)
٣
(
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠ‬
:
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬ ،‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗﺪﺭﳚ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ‬ 
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳﺘ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ‬
(
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
‫ﺗﺪﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬
١٠
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﰎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺳﻴﻮ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
:
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬ ،‫ﻫﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ،‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﹼ‬
‫ﰎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺳﺘﺆ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
.
)
٤
(
‫َـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺍﳌﺆ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠ‬
:
‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻭﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻛﺪﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﳝﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳﺘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‬
"
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﱂ‬
"
،
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻠﻴﺔ‬
.
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
،‫ﺍﳊﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻬﻮﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺬﺍﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
"
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
"
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭﺃ‬ ،
.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹼ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺘ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﳛﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌ‬
.

3. ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
:
alkashif.org
‫ﺁﺏ‬
-
٢٠١٢
٣
‫ﻣﻦ‬
٣
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
)
٥
(
‫ﺻﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬
:
‫ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺔ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻧﱪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺠﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻃﻔﻮﱄ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺜﲑﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﲏ‬ ‫ﹼﻒ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺄ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺫﻫﻨ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻟﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹼﻤﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻛ‬
.
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟‬
"
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺲ‬‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﳎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺛﲏ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬
) ".
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻒ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
(
)
٦
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬
:
‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻴﻞ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ‬ 
‫ﺲ‬‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬
.
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﹼ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺭﻋﻪ‬ 
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳﺘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹼﻭﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻧﺰﻋﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﳐﺎﻭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺑﺄﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬
.
)
٧
(
‫ﻭﲪﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ‬
:
‫ﺧﻼﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﹼﻢ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻄ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬
.
"
‫ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬

‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﻰ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺍﳍ‬ ‫ﺇﺛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻔﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹼﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
) "
‫ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻒ‬
(
)
٨
(
‫ﺩﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬
:
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﳚﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
"
‫ﺍﺋﻊ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
"
‫ﺃ‬
،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻏﺒ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻫﻼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﳘﺠ‬
.
)
٩
(
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
:
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬ 
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳﻈ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟ‬
‫ﳎﻬﻮﺩﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬
.
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺽ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﹼﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ،
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻛﺘﺌﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻙ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﻐﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﲢ‬
.
)
١٠
(
‫ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﳑ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
:
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺴﻊ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻜﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺐ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺻ‬‫ﺗﻮ‬ ،‫ﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ‬
"
‫ﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
"
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
‫ﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
"
‫ﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
"
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﳑ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻂ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﹼ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
-
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬
-
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﳝﻠﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬
.