"Lesotho Leaps Forward: A Chronicle of Transformative Developments"
Nishant Raj Kapoor presentation
1. ASSESSMENT OF SELF PERCEIVED HUMAN COMFORT
INDICATORS PERTAINING TO INDOOR QUALITY PARAMETERS
OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN BHOPAL
PRESENTED BY:
NISHANT RAJ KAPOOR
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Bhopal
3. Introduction: Since the ancient time and history of evolution of human the comfort is considered
as basic requirement for the sustainable life. All technological developments on this earth is towards the
betterment of life, health and working conditions of human being. The construction of house is the first
invention of human towards making its life comfortable
Touch, sight, hearing, smell, & taste; the interface to the world is through our senses. Each of
these senses can lead to a greater or lesser degree of comfort.
Building better is not only about avoiding problems, it should also be about creating positively
pleasurable, comfortable & healthy living place.
(continued…)
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4. This research topic is associated with Civil Engineering.
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Civil Engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,
construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment.
Human comfort perception is individual’s psychological adjustments or expectation according
to the physiological conditions and their social behavioral attitude, these factors can vary largely
because of different age groups, gender, activity levels, physical conditions, past experiences,
etc.
(continued…)
5. Objectives:
To assess the probable reasons of the human comfort in residential buildings with respect to
various indoor environmental parameters.
To identify the most important comfort parameters for composite climatic region of Bhopal
To test human behavioral perception for attaining a better IEQ in the preferred ways to control
indoor environment.
To ascertain the climate impact on IEQ as an important factor responsible for better comfort
level in residential buildings.
To evolve and suggest probable solutions for acceptable Comfort level of various users by way
of conservation and optimization of energy usages.
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6. Focus of this research is mainly on residential buildings of various classes. This
study focuses in Bhopal only. Better quality life is expected through better
indoor environmental quality in Bhopal. Due to time and efficiency constraints
the research study covers only one season to study /survey. Due to the cost and
time restrictions, this study covered only the area of Bhopal city without
simulation of all the parameters combined.
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Scope and Limitations:
7. ACK Lai et al., 2009, In this paper IEQ in residential buildings is examined in Hong Kong for
finding the acceptance of occupants in four aspects namely indoor air quality, thermal comfort,
illumination level and noise. They evaluate 125 occupants in residential apartments in Hong
Kong. They use a multivariate logistic regression model. Acceptance range of IEQ for normal
residential situations are determined.
Ibrahim U. Haruna et al., 2014, Quality of man depends on the quality of his indoor
environment. This paper explores the study of thermal comfort in Mubi metropolis. Where the
author distributed 240 questionnaire and know about the factors influencing the indoor thermal
comfort like high heating electric lights, costly air conditioning systems, poor designs and
materials used in building construction. Based upon the problem type they also provide
solutions for enhancing thermal comfort in residential apartments in study zone.
(continued…)
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Literature Reviews:
8. Isabell Borgkvist et al., 2016, In this they present energy efficient building techniques in Nepal that
how passive energy efficient building techniques i.e. insulation and passive solar heating affect indoor
environment in Nepal. They interview 8 people there and choose two location on different altitude to
represent cold and warm temperature in the country.
Z J Wang et al., 2005, They investigate the thermal comfort and environment in Harbin, China's
northeast area. They perform a field study and distribute 120 questionnaire and used an indoor
climate analyzer and thermal comfort meter.
Conclusion of Literature Survey:
After having detailed literature review it is found that a variety of work has been done to
understand the human comfort but only few research work has been done that shows that the
human comfort depends and vary with a number of parameters that include thermal, lighting,
air quality, acoustic and visual comfort. The most studies conducted till now have been done in
foreign countries having different weather conditions and different constraints however this
study focuses on comfort level in Bhopal (India) which faces a different level of constraints in
different fields’ altogether.
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9. Flow Direction of Research study:
Identification & Deciding Human Comfort Parameters
Preparation Of Questionnaire
Validation Of Questionnaire
Administration Of Questionnaires
Data Collection
Data Interpretation & Analysis
Data Presentation
Conclusion And Suggestions
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Methodology: For the purpose of this work various case studies (Field Survey) were
done to accumulate the data regarding the self perceived human comfort parameters in
residential buildings of Bhopal.
15. Prepared Questionnaire
A Validated Detailed Questionnaire that was prepared for this survey is provided in the link:
N.Raj latest question (guided).docx
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16. Administration Of Questionnaire
This study entirely focuses on understanding the perception of people in Bhopal for this the
questionnaire will sent through different medium that is both manual and online with the help
of various individual coordinator according to the pin codes in which Bhopal is completely
divided.
Bhopal is divided in 50 different pin-code section that range from 462001 – 462050.
This was prepared with the aim to cover the maximum amount of people taking into account
their educational background, their financial status and their standard of living so that the
result obtained from this study can be maximize on a greater bunch of population.
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37. Ranking of Emerging System Parameters
RANK EMERGING SYSTEM PARAMETER
1 COMFORT
2 PRICE
3 EFFICIENCY
4 RELIABILITY
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38. Conclusion, Future Scope & Recommendations:
Five most important indoor human comfort parameter namely thermal comfort, indoor air
quality, lighting, acoustic, and visual comfort are ranked by the 268 residents of Bhopal
(response rate 76.57%) according to their perception.
Overall Mean Value of Marked Comfort Parameters = 3.00
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PARAMETERS RANKING MEAN
THERMAL COMFORT 1 3.7201
AIR QUALITY 2 3.5672
LIGHTING 3 2.7948
ACOUSTIC 4 2.4813
VISUAL COMFORT 5 2.4366
39. The Thermalcomfort is the top priority for the residents of Bhopal.
The second important factor is Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).
IAQ is followed by Lighting,Acoustics& Visual comfort.
PARAMETERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM RANKING MEAN
COMFORT 1 3.1007
PRICE 2 2.4627
EFFICIENCY 3 2.4142
RELIABILITY 4 2.0224
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Overall Mean Value for Emerging Comfort System = 2.5
40. Proper Orientation of Building
Using Shading Devices
Proper Ventilation of Building
Creation of Microclimate
Proper Lighting
Use of Light Color Paint
Preventing Infiltration
Training of Building Professionals
Proper Use of Electric Equipments
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Suggestions for Increasing Thermal Comfort Level
48. Suggestions for Increasing Indoor Air Quality
Restrictions
Increase in Green Spaces
Distant From Highways/ Flyovers
Use of Renewable or Green Energy Sources
Source Control
Increasing Ventilation
Air Filters
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49. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
This work needs to be done in different weather conditions to better understand the human
perception all throughout the year and various methods i.e. manual, online, interview, self-
assessed etc.
The present study is focused on comfort creation in residential buildings, it is suggested to
investigate comfort for office buildings, commercial buildings, and institutional buildings also.
Detailed study of each human comfort parameter can be done separately and work can also be
done considering other important comfort parameter (humidity, building maintenance,
security, color & texture etc.) can be done to find out their impacts on comfort levels.
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50. RECOMMENDATION
Following are the recommendation to improve the level of human comfort in the country.
No work has been done to consider the comfort level of people in their indoor environment in
India however few studies have been done for adaptive comfort approach in some south-
eastern Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand etc. to name a few, so this type of
more research in India is needed.
For India it is now essential to find our own comfort temperatures for that we have to
establish our own comfort labs in India.
Need to discuss in detail about indoor human comfort problems either before they pop up in
real time.
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