A brief introduction to geology subject

1. ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY
Nipin K P
kp.nipin@gmail.com

3. Scope of Geology
• Geology is of practical importance to mankind.
• It plays an important role in the search of coal, petroleum and minerals used as
atomic fuels.
• Geology is directly concerned with the ore minerals, industrial minerals and
mining industry.
• Geologists are also directly concerned with the vital subject of water supply.
They help in the selection of water available areas.

5. Physical or Dynamic
Geology
Geomorphology
Structural Geology
Mineralogy
Petrology
Economic Geology
Historical Geology
Environmental Geology
Palaeontology
Engineering Geology
Geophysics
Geochemistry
Stratigraphy
Hydrogeology
GEOLOGY

9. (7) Historical Geology
It deals with the ancient life and the progress of organic evolution.
The information are obtained from rock sequences in different parts of the globe.
Fossil – the remains of ancient animals and plants preserved in rocks – are very
helpful in such studies.
(8)Palaeontology
It deals with the mode of preservation of plants and animal remains within in rock
beds, and their proper utilization in the study of the past history of the earth.
This science concerned with the evolution and migration of life forms through age.

10. (9) Environmental Geology
It deals with the application of geologic principles and knowledge to problems
created by man’s occupancy and exploitation of the physical environment.
(10) Economic Geology
It is the study of ore deposits, oil pools, coal beds, and other earth materials of
value.
It includes the study of the mode of formation and occurrence of deposits of rocks
and minerals of economic importance.

11. (11) Engineering Geology
It includes the application of geology and its use in engineering practices such as
construction of dams, bridges, tunnels etc.
In addition, investigations concerning materials for construction and nature and
availability of ground water in rocks of different types may be included in the scope
of this branch.
(12) Geophysics
It includes the study of the earth, especially in exploring the subsurface geology, by
applying certain principles and techniques of physics.

12. (13) Geochemistry
It is concerned with earth problems in which chemical processes are significant.
It finds widespread application in the field of mineral investigation.
(14) Hydrogeology
It deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement of water and its constituents
(quality of water) beneath the Earth's surface - that is groundwater