This ppt gives you an idea about Hardy Weinberg principle. Hardy from England and Weinberg from Germany both individually came up with Hardy - Weinberg Law in 1908.

1. HARDY – WEINBERG
PRINCIPLE
Made by – Niharika

2. POPULATION GENETICS
• EVERY INDIVIDUAL OF SPECIES CONSTITUTE A POPULATION.
• THE GENETICAL STUDY OF INHERITANCE OF PHENOTYPIC TRAITS OF
A GIVEN POPULATION IS KOWN AS POPULATION GENETICS.
• THE POPULATION GENETICS IS QUATITATIE SCIENCE.

3. HARDY AND WEINBERG
• HARDY IN ENGLAND, WEINBERG IN GERMANY
• THEY BOTH INDIVIDUALLY CAME UP WITH HARDY – WEINBERG LAW IN 1908.

4. PRINCIPLE
• THE PRINCIPLE IS CONCERNED WITH FREQUENCIES OF GENES
HOMOZYGOUS & HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES IN A POPULATION.
• “ALLELE FREQUENCY IS CONSTANT FROM GENERATION TO
GENERATION IN ABSENCE OF ANY FORCE THAT LEADS TO
CHANGES IN GENE FREQUENCY IRRESPECTIVE OF DOMINANT AND
RECESSIVE TRAIT’S PROPORTION ”
• THIS IS CALLED GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM
• (p + q) = 1, sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1.

5. FORMULA
• A = first allele
• B = second allele
• p = frequency of first allele
• q = frequency of second allele
(p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2

6. CALCULATIONS
• CALCULATION OF GENE FREQUENCIES OF AUTOSOMAL GENES
• CALCULATION OF GENE FREQUENCIES FOR CO DOMINANT ALLELES
• CALCULATION OF GENE FREQUENCIES FOR DOMINANT & RECESSIVE ALELLES
• CALCULATION OF GENE FREQUENCIES FOR MULTIPLE ALLES
• CALCULATION OF GENE FREQUENCIES FOR SEX LINKED GENES

7. ASSUMPTIONS
• The population is large
• There is no gene flow between populations
• Negligible mutation
• Individuals are mating randomly
• Natural selection is not operating on the population

8. FACTORS AFFECTING HARDY
WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM
• Gene migration or gene flow
• Genetic drift
• Mutation
• Genetic recombination
• Natural selection

9. SIGNIFICANCE
• In a given population one can find out the frequency of occurrence
of alleles of a gene or a locus which remains the same though out
generations.
• The hardy Weinberg model enables us to compare a population’s
actual genetic structure over time.

10. THANK YOU