presented by Nikita Nikam

1. Oral Cavity
And Their Related Diseases
Presented By,
Nikam N.R.
M.Pharmacy-1stYr,
(Pharmaceutics Dept.)
RCP, Kasegaon,
2018-2019.
12/16/2019

2. Contents
Introduction
Oral Problems
- Dental Cavities
- Bleeding Gums
- Mouth Odor
- Sensitive Teeth
Etiology
Treatments
Formulations
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3. Dental Anatomy
Classification of Teeth:
• Incisors (central and lateral)
• Canines (cuspids)
• Premolars (bicuspids)
• Molars
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4. Dental Diseases
Periodontal diseases Dental caries
Bleeding Gum Sensitive Teeth
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5. I. Dental Cavities
• Cavity is a results of tooth decay process & is also
painful.
• Tooth decay causes damage to healthy tooth structure
by making the teeth weaker & unhealthy.
According to WHO:
It is defined as ‘localized post eruptive pathological
process of external origin involving softening of the
hard tooth tissue and proceeding to the formation of
cavity’.
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6. • Etiology of Dental cavities:
Described in terms of five Interrelated factors:
Factor -1: Caries is bacterial disease
Factor-2: Carries is dependent on dietary sucrose
Factor-3: Carries is dependent on frequency of eating
Factor-4: Caries is modified by the fluoride
Factor-5: Caries are modified by saliva
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7. Dental decay process
Bacteria Food, drink, Acid
/germs sugar, sweets Produced
Healthy Tooth Acid Cavities
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8. Prevention of Dental caries
 Restorative Treatment
 Tooth Brushing
 Mouth Rinsing
 Dental Floss
 Topical Fluoride Application
 Filling
 Root Canal
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9. II. Bleeding Gums
 INTRODUCTION :
o Bleeding gums is one of the most common conditions
affecting the oral cavity. The Chinese noticed bleeding
gums as early as 2500 BC. They termed the associated
diseases as ‘Ya-Kon’ which means diseases of the soft
tissue surrounding the teeth.
o Bleeding gums indicates a slowly progressing disease of
the gums, which may further involve the bone
supporting the teeth and ultimately result in tooth loss.
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10. Causes
- Poor oral hygiene and tobacco use
- Vitamin K or C deficiency
- Stress-It can make it more difficult for the body to fight off
infection.
- Taking blood thinners or other medications such as
antidepressants, certain heart medications and oral
contraceptives.
- Dentures that don’t fit
- Infection, which can be either in a tooth or the gum.
-Mouth sores
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11. Treatment of bleeding gums
 Applying pressure
 Proper dental hygiene
 Vitamins supplements
 Use soft toothbrush
 Rinse with warm salt water
 Visit dentist
 Treating Bleeding Gums Naturally Clove oil
Salt gargling Aloe vera Baking soda Milk
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12. III. Mouth Odor
 Unpleasant odor from the breath
 Both oral and non oral origins
 Latin:
Halitus – breath
Osis – disease
 It was described by HOWE (1874).
 Mouth odor can be a sign of undiagnosed systemic and
oral disease
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13. Classification
• Genuine halitosis
• Physiologic halitosis
• Pathologic halitosis Intra oral
• Pseudo halitosis extra oral
• Halitophobia
o Etiology: Oral
1. Local Cause Respiratory
2. Systemic Cause Volatile food stuffs
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14. DIAGNOSIS
• Whole mouth malodor ( cupped breath)
- Cupping the hand over the mouth and breath through
the nose.
- The presence or absence of malodor is evaluated by the
patient him/herself.
 Wrist lick test
- Subjects are asked to extend their tongue and lick their
wrist .
- The presence of odor is judged by smelling the wrist
after 5 seconds at a distance of about 3cm.
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15. • Spoon test
Plastic spoon is used to scrape and scoop material from the
back region of the tongue. The odor is judged by smelling
the spoon after 5 seconds at a distance of about 5 cm
Organoleptically.
• Saliva odor test
Involves having the subject expectorate approx. 1-2 ml of
saliva into a petridish. The dish is covered immediately,
incubated at 37 0C for five minutes and then presented for
odor evaluation at a distance of 4 cm from the examiner’s
nose.
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16. – visit dentist regularly
– Brushing of teeth twice daily with appropriate brushing
techniques and for a duration of 2-3 mins.
– Use of a tongue scraper to get rid of the lurking odour
causing bacteria in the tongue surface.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
– Limit intake of strong odour species.
– Limit sugar and caffeine intake.
MANAGEMENT
(I)Mechanical reduction of intraoral nutrients and
(ii)Chemical reduction of oral microbial load
(iii) Rendering malodorous gases nonvolatile
(iv) Masking the malodor
microorganisms
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17. IV. Sensitive Teeth
 Tooth sensitivity – also referred to as dentin
hypersensitivity.
 What is Tooth Sensitivity?
- Tooth sensitivity is mainly caused by exposure of
dentine of the tooth to the oral environment. The
dentine has numerous fine tubules which connect to
the pulp. When the nerve endings in the pulp are
irritated by external stimulus, sharp pain is felt.
- When heat, cold or pressure touches these channels,
you feel pain.
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18. Causes Treatment
 Brushing too hard Maintain good oral hygiene
 Plaque build up Use a soft bristled toothbrush
 Gum disease Use desensitizing toothpaste
 Teeth grinding Watch food consumption
 Cracked teeth Use fluoridated dental products
 Acidic food Avoid grinding and clenching teeth
 Age To relieve stress from daily life.
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19. Formulations
1. Tooth powder
2. Toothpaste
3. Mouthwashes
4. Gargles
1. Toothpowder
Calcium carbonate - 92.8 gm
Dental soap powder - 6.0 gm
Flavoring Oil - 1.0 gm
Saccharine Na - 0.2 gm
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20. 2. Toothpaste
Calcium Carbonate - 56.0 gm
SLS - 1.0 gm
Glycerin - 22.0 gm
Gum Tragacanth - 1.5 gm
water - 19.4 gm
Saccharine - 0.1 gm
Flavor - q.s
Preservative - q.s
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21. 3. Mouthwash
Benzoic acid - 1.00 %
Cinnamon oil - 2.00 %
Phenol - 1.50 %
Chloroform - 1.50 %
Alcohol - 37.50 %
Peppermint oil - 0.50 %
Glycerin - 56 %
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22. Conclusion
From this data, I have concluded that, we must aware
about oral related diseases, causes, treatment and
current available formulations on their diseases. To
take care of the teeth from sweets, bacteria and other
related factors to causing diseases by various
formulations available in market.
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23. References
1. B.M.Mithal, R.N.Saha, ‘A Handbook of Cosmetics’, Vallabh
Prakashan, First Edition-2000, Page no.204-208 and 217-
221.
2. R.K.Neema, K.S.Rathore, B.K.Dubey, ‘Textbook of Cosmetics’
CBS Publishers & Distributers, First Edition-2009, Page no.
194-195.
3. S.Nanda, A.Nanda, R.K.Khar, ‘Cosmetic Technology’, Birla
Publications, First Edition-2006-2007, Page no. 438-442.
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