The document presents a paper on gingivitis, detailing its definition, pathogenesis, and risk factors associated with poor oral hygiene, bacteria, hormonal changes, and malnutrition. It describes clinical findings such as color changes, bleeding, and variations in gingiva, while also outlining complications if left untreated, including potential progression to periodontitis. A treatment protocol is provided, highlighting the importance of local factor removal, systemic disease correction, scaling, and oral hygiene practices.

1. WORLD GUM HEALTH DAY- 2022
PAPER PRESENTATION
Department of Periodontology, Oral Pathology & Oral
Medicine
Dhaka Dental College & Hospital

2. GINGIVITIS
PRESENTED BY-
DR. MD. IRFANUR RAHMAN
INTERN DOCTOR
BATCH: D-54
DHAKA DENTAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

3. ANATOMY OF GINGIVA
Gingiva is the part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar
processes of jaws and surrounds the neck of teeth.
Types-
1. Marginal gingiva
2. Attached gingiva
3. Interdental gingiva

4. DEFINITION
According to American Academy of Periodontology
gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes
inflammation of the gums.

5. PATHOGENESIS
Poor oral hygiene
⬇
Dental plaque formation
⬇
Formation of calculus
⬇
Inflammation of gingiva
⬇
Gingivitis

6. AETIOLOGY
• Dental plaque
• Bacterial infection:
• A. actinomycetemcomitans
• P. gingivalis
• P. intermedia
• Treponema sp
• Endocrine disorder and hormonal changes: DM, pregnancy, puberty etc.
• Malnutrition

7. RISK FACTORS
 Poor oral hygiene
 Smoking or chewing tobacco
 Older age
 Dry mouth
 Poor nutrition e.g. vitamin C deficiency

8. RISK FACTORS
 Ill- fitted dental restorations
 Hormonal changes
 Immunodeficiency

9. HALLMARKS OF GINGIVITIS
Features Healthy Gingiva Gingivitis
Color Coral pink Red
Contour Knife edged & scalloped Rolled with bulbous
papillae
Consistency &
texture
Firm and resilient with
stippling of the
attached gingiva
Edematous and
with loss of
stippling

10. CLINICAL FINDINGS
1. Bleeding on probing
• Gingival bleeding caused due to local factors: like-
 Anatomic and developmental tooth variations
 Iatrogenic factors
 Overhanging restoration
 Lack of attached gingiva
 Recession etc.

11. CLINICAL FINDINGS
• Gingival Bleeding Associated With Systemic Changes:
 Vit- C deficiency
 Coagulation defects
 Platelet disorders etc.
2. Color changes in gingiva
3. Changes in gingival position, contour, consistency and surface texture

12. COMPLICATION OF UNTREATED GINGIVITIS
 May progress to periodontitis
 May turn into necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
 Systemic complication

13. TREATMENT PROTOCOL
1. Removal of local factor
2. Correction of systemic disease/ factor
3. Scaling
4. Antibiotics
5. Oral hygiene instruction
6. Follow up

14. ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTION
• Tooth brushing twice a day.
• Use a soft toothbrush.
• Use a mouthwash.
• Interdental cleaning by dental floss, interdental tooth brush etc.
• Avoid bad habits
• Visit a dentist at regular interval.