LESSON BONES AND MUSCLES

1. Describing the Main Function
of the Major Organs
(Bones and Muscles)
Quarter 2 Week 1
SCIENCE 4 D
A
Y
2

2. Review
What are the 5R’s of Responsible
Waste Management?
Describe each. Give examples.

3. Motivation
Arrange the following jumbled letters to
form the hidden words. Write your answers
in your notebook.
1. S O B E N –
2. S R O A N G
3. Y D O B
4. L C S S E U M
5. O N S U N C F T I

4. Presentation
Do the Activity 1: What are the Functions
of the bones?
Objectives:
1)Identify the composition of a skull.
2)Describe the functions of the bones.
What you need:
Paper doll, masking tape, piece of wire

5. Presentation
What to do:
1) Draw a paper doll on a piece of
paper and cut it.
2) Let the paper doll stand on the
table.
3) Attach the paper doll to the wire
using a masking tape.

6. Presentation
4) Now, find a partner and ask
him/her to feel his/her backbone.
5) Now, find a partner and ask
him/her to bend slightly and feel
his/her backbone.

7. Activity 1
Guide Questions:
1) Did the paper doll stand on its own?
Why?
2) Did the paper doll stand when it
was attached to the wire? Why?
3) What role did the wire play when it
was attached to the paper doll?

8. Activity 1
4) What did you feel at the center
back of your classmates?
5) Describe what you feel?
6) How is like the wire that you
attached to the aper doll?
7) Base from your model, what may
be the function of the backbone?

9. Activity 2
Do the Activity 2: What is inside the skull of
the chicken?
What you need:
Cooked chicken head and knife
What to do:
1)Remove the flesh of the chicken head
and then wash it thoroughly.

10. Activity 2
2)Feel the skull. Identify and describe
what you felt.
3)Open the skull with a knife carefully.
Observe what is inside the skull.
4)Feel and describe what is inside it.

11. Activity 2
Guide Questions:
1)What is inside the skull of the
chicken?
2)Draw what you have observed.
3)Describe what is inside.
4.Base on its texture, why must it be
covered?

12. Application
Perform.
1)Bend forward, then raise your arms
sideward.
2)Turn your head from left to right.
3)Sway your hips.
4)Bend your knees.
5)Feel the bones affected by all the
movements performed.

13. Remember
The skull helps protect the brain. Ball-and-
sockets joints protect the eyes. The
backbones protect the spinal cord. The
ribs form a protective cage around the
heart and lungs. The pelvic bones support
our body when we sit.

14. Remember
The bones in our body are also
connected with each other. The point
where two bones meet and connect is
called joint. Our joints and muscles
allow our bones to move. The
movements of our body originate in
our joints.

15. Remember
Muscles from the fleshy parts of the
body. They enable our body to move.
They also give shape and forms to our
body and protect delicate organs.
Muscles are voluntary or involuntary.

16. Assessment
Answer with TRUE or FALSE.
1) There are over 1,000 muscles in
your body.
2) Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are
the muscles you can control.

17. Assessment
3) Ligaments connect muscles to
bones.
4) Your heart is a muscle.
5) A muscle gets strained when it is
stretched too much.
6) A sprain happens when a
tendon is stretched too much.

18. Assessment
7) Muscles that are not used can get
smaller and weaker.
8) You don’t need more than 30
minutes of physical activity every day.
9) If something hurts when playing
sports, you should play through the
pain and it will go away.

19. Assessment
10) A balanced diet:
a. Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
and fat-free or low-fat dairy products like milk,
cheese, and yogurt.
b. Includes protein from lean meats, poultry,
seafood, beans, eggs, and nuts.
c. Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol,
salt (sodium), added sugars, and refined grains.
d. All of the above

20. Additional Activity
Choose one and answer/do it.
1)How do you protect your bones and
muscles?
2)Make a poster on how to protect bones
and muscles
3)Make a slogan on how to protect bones
and muscles

21. Quarter 2 Week 1
SCIENCE 4 D
A
Y
5
Describing the Main Function
of the Major Organs
(Bones and Muscles)

22. Review
Match the digestive system with their
names. o Mouth
o Pancreas
o Small Intestine
o Liver
o Large
Intestine
o Stomach
o Gallbladder

23. Motivation
Have you eaten your meal
today?
Where do you think will these
foods go after you swallowed it?

24. Presentation
Activity 1: How is food digested in
the stomach?
What you need:
Small piece of biscuits, resealable
plastic bag, a glass of water, 2
tablespoon of flour, any small
piece of food available

25. Presentation
What to do:
1)Put the water in a clean
resealable plastic bag.
2) Add the broken pieces of
biscuits.
3)Add the flour.

26. Activity 1
4) Add the small pieces of any
food available.
5) Shake the resealable plastic
bag. Shake until all are mixed
well.

27. Activity 1
Guide Questions:
1)What happened to the biscuits, flour
and other food after shaking the
resealable bag?
2) The stomach is like a bag in your
activity. How are they similar?
3)Will the food stay in the stomach for a
long time?

28. Activity 1
4)What will happen to the food?
5)What happens after the food is
broken down into small pieces?

29. Activity 2
Activity 2: How is food digested
in the intestines?
What you need:
Black pepper, chili powder, a
glass of water

30. Activity 2
What to do:
1) Mix black pepper and chili
powder in a cup with water.
2) Pour the mixture through a
paper towel into another cup.

31. Activity 2
Guide Questions:
1)What went through the paper
towel?
2)This event al;so occurs in our
intestines. Describe the materials
that went through the paper towel.

32. Activity 2
3)What will happen to the liquid
material?
4)What will happen to those that
did not went through the paper
towel?
5)Which organ is similar to the
paper towel?

33. Application
Circle the correct answer choice or fill
in the blank.
1. Which of the following organs has 3
layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis
externa?
A. small intestine B. esophagus
C. stomach D. large intestine
E. rectum

34. Application
2. Chemical digestion of
carbohydrates begins in the
A. esophagus
B. stomach
C. duodenum
D. oral cavity
E. jejunum

35. Application
3. The enzyme which begins
carbohydrate digestion is
named ___________ ___________.

36. Application
4. ________ is produced by the
_________ and released from the
__________ into the ___________ ,
aiding the digestion of fats through
emulsification, which increases the
surface area for the enzyme
__________ ___________ to attack the
triglyceride molecules.

37. Application
5. Most of the nutrient absorption along
the alimentary canal occurs in the
A. ascending colon
B. stomach
C. jejunum
D. ileum
E. cecum

38. Remember
As the muscles in the stomach
continue to contract, the food is
squeezed and mixed with digestive
juices to change the food into
nutrients.

39. Remember
Small intestine contains digestive
juices and other enzymes that
completely digest food and
absorbs digested nutrients.

40. Remember
The linings of the small intestine
function like a filter. Digested nutrients
needed by the body are absorbed by
the linings of the small intestine just like
water that passed through the filter.

41. Remember
Undigested food particles are
passed to the large intestine to
be passed out to the body
during defecation.

42. Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1)How does food move through your
digestive tract?
A. By gravity
B. By wavelike muscle contractions
C. By cilia
D. By chemical absorption

43. Assessment
2. Where does most of the digestive
process take place?
A. Small intestine
B. Large intestine
C. Stomach
D. All of the above

44. Assessment
3. What does the liver do to help
digestion?
A. Makes important enzymes
B. Neutralizes stomach acid
C. Produces bile
D. Regulates insulin

45. Assessment
4. Which of these can harm the intestinal
lining?
A. Aspirin
B. Antibiotics
C. Caffeine
D. A and B

46. Assessment
5. Which of this best maintains intestinal
health?
A. Starches
B. Vitamins
C. Fiber
D. Fat

47. Assessment
6. Which of these can cause heartburn?
A. Being overweight.
B. Lying down soon after eating a large
meal.
C. Eating high fat foods.
D. All the above

48. Assessment
7. Which of these causes’ ulcers?
A. Bacterial infection in the stomach
B. Aspirin and other anti-inflammatory
medicines
C. Chronic stress
D. A and B

49. Assessment
8. Food poisoning is caused by eating
contaminated food. How can it be
prevented?
A. Cooking meat and poultry thoroughly
B. Washing fruits and vegetables before
eating or cooking them.
C. Storing food properly.
D. All the above