2. Mr. Woodland and Silver, who were teaching at Drexel University in Philadelphia, began the
work that led to the bar code after the head of a supermarket chain asked for help in
developing a better way to keep track of inventory. A former Boy Scout, Woodland wondered if
Morse Code could be used to track inventory, and began drawing lines of different thickness in
the sand during a visit to Miami in 1948. The code that eventually emerged is now known as
Universal Product Code (UPC) , and Woodland won the National Medal of Technology in 1992.
HISTORY OF
BARCODES
Joseph Norman Woodland
3. WHY USE
BARCODES?
From 1960s, barcodes were
used in industrial work
environments. Some of the
early implementations of
barcodes included the
ability identify transport
and manufacture domains.
From 1970s, common
barcodes started
appearing on grocery
shelves. To automate the
process of identifying
grocery items, UPC
barcodes were placed on
products.
From 2000s
barcodes are just
about
• everywhere and
are used for
identification in
almost all types
of business.
4.
5. WHY USE
BARCODES?
When barcodes are used in the business process, procedures are automated to
increase productivity and reduce human error.
Whenever there is a need to accurately identify or track something, bar-coding
should be used. For example, in a data entry work environment, workers may be
required to enter an enormous amount of data into a customer database system.
Instead of manually typing a customer identification number into a database, if the
information is contained in a barcode, a data entry operator may scan it in. This
would increase automation and reduce human error.
6. ADVANTAGES OF BARCODES
• FAST AND RELIABLE DATA COLLECTION
• REDUCED REVENUE LOSSES RESULTING FROM DATA COLLECTION ERRORS IMPROVED
MANAGEMENT AND BETTER DECISION MAKING
• 10,000 TIMES BETTER ACCURACY
REDUCED LABOR COSTS NECESSARY
INVENTORY LEVELS FASTER ACCESS TO
INFORMATION POINT OF SALE
• COST SAVINGS CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION AUTOMATED
REORDERING BETTER DECISION
MAKING INVENTORY CONTROL
SECURED ACCESS
• TIME AND ATTENDANCE
QUALITY CONTROL PACKAGING
/ LABELING
7. WHAT IS A 1D OR 2D
BARCODE?
A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of
data, which shows data about the object to which it
attaches.
1D Barcode (UPC)
2D Barcode (QR)
8. • 1D - NUMERIC-ONLY BARCODE (LINEAR
BARCODE):
• EAN-13 , EAN-8 , UPC-A, UPC-E , CODE 11
,POSTNET
• A BARCODE THAT ENCODES DATA ONLY IN
ONE DIMENSION.
• DATA IS ENCODED IN THE WIDTHS OF THE
BARS AND SPACES AND
• NO DATA IS ENCODED IN THE LENGTHS OF
THE BARS.
• THIS BARCODE FOUND ON MANY RETAIL
PRODUCTS IS A COMMON LINEAR BARCODE
THAT YOU MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH.
TYPES OF
BARCODE
9. TYPES OF
BARCODE
2D - Dimensional Barcode
The need for ever increasing amounts of information in
smaller spaces has lead to more compact and higher data
density symbologies found in two-dimensional or stacked
barcodes.
Each type allows more information to be stored in a smaller
amount of space.
2D- Alphanumeric barcodes: Code 39 ,Code 93 (Canada
Post),Code 128, LOGMARS
2D - Dimensional barcodes: PDF417 , DataMatrix,
Maxicode, QR Code
10. • INDUSTRY STANDARDS FOR
BARCODES AND LABELS:
• BOOKLAND EAN ENCODES ISBN
NUMBERS, ISSN AND THE SISAC
BARCODE, OPC OPTICAL INDUSTRY
ASSOCIATION BARCODE , CO-
OPERATIVE LABELS
TYPES OF
BARCODE
11.
12. EAN BARCODE
European Article Numbering (EAN)
international retail product code
EAN-13 or EAN-8 are two different versions of EAN bar codes, which can encode 13 and
8 digit numbers.
The EAN-8 code was introduced for use on small packages where an EAN-13 barcode
would be too large.
All other countries aside from the United States utilize the EAN bar code for
identification on retail goods.
USA use the UPC code for the same purposes, but this is only 12 digits long.
EAN-13 EAN-8
21. GS1 (GLOBAL STANDARD )
ORGANIZATION
GS1 is a neutral, not-for-profit, international organization that develops and
maintains standards for supply and demand chains across multiple sectors.
With local Member Organizations in over 110 countries, GS1 works with
communities of trading partners, industry organizations, governments and
technology providers and responds to their business needs through the
adoption and implementation of global standards.
GS1 has over a million member companies across the world, executing more
than five billion transactions daily using GS1 standards.
22. GS1 (GLOBAL STANDARD )
ORGANIZATION
Most companies initially come to GS1 to get a bar code number for their
products. However, GS1 standards provide a much wider framework for
supply chain visibility. The current architecture of GS1 standards is as follows:
Identify: Standards for the identification of items, locations, shipments,
assets, etc.. and associated data
Capture: Standards for encoding and capturing data in physical data carriers
such as barcodes and RFID tags
Share: Standards for sharing data between parties
GS1 identification standards do not provide identification of country of origin
for a given product. Member companies may manufacture products anywhere
in the world.
23. BARCODES – WHAT IS
GS1-128 ?
• GS1-128 SYMBOLOGY IS USED TO ENCODE TRADE ITEM
DATA FOR LOGISTICS UNITS SUCH AS CARTONS, CASES,
AND PALLETS THAT ARE NOT INTENDED TO PASS THROUGH
RETAIL POINT-OF-SALE (POS). THE USE OF THIS
SYMBOLOGY SUPPORTS FAST AND ACCURATE TRACKING
OF INVENTORY AND OTHER SPECIFIC DATA IN THE SUPPLY
CHAIN. • GS1-128 SYMBOLOGY IS USED TO UNIQUELY
IDENTIFY TRADE ITEMS, LOGISTICS UNITS, AND
RETURNABLE ASSETS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN. THE
SYMBOLOGY NOT ONLY ENCODES TRADE ITEM DATA, BUT
PROVIDES A METHOD FOR ENCODING AND SHARING A
LARGE VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC DATA TYPES
DEFINED BY THE GS1 SYSTEM, SUCH AS THE SERIAL
SHIPPING CONTAINER CODE (SSCC), BEST BEFORE DATE,
BATCH / LOT NUMBER, AND SERIAL NUMBER.
24. BARCODES – WHAT IS GS1-
128 ?
Example (01)
GTIN Prefix GTIN
(17) Expiry Expiry 01/01/2010
(10) Batch Prefix Batch Number
(21) Serial No Serial Number
25. List of GS1 country codes
The GS1 Prefix, the first three digits, usually identifying the national GS1 Member
Organization to which the manufacturer is registered
26. FAKE AND AUTHENTIC: HOW CAN I KNOW A
PARFUM IS FAKE OR AUTHENTIC VIA QR
CODE OR BARCODE ON THE BOX?
•AUTHEN
TIC
29. No battery in tag; all power comes from reader Carrier RF Wave •
Possible to build a battery into the tag •
Increased complexity, size and cost • Improved performance (range) & functionality
Advantages:
‘Simultaneous’ identification
Robust, reasonable operating distance
No line of sight; automated reads
Disadvantages:
× Not as cheap as some alternatives
× Some problematic items
THE FUTURE OF BARCODE TECHNOLOGY – RFID
RADIO-FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION
