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DR.N.MANJULA
• M/C performed lab tests.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
VOLUME
COLOR
pH
APPEARANCE
ODOR
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
PROTEIN
GLUCOSE
KETONE
BLOOD
BILIRUBIN
BILE SALTS
RENAL
DISEASE
• Kidneys excrete 150mg/24hours.
• Includes proteins from plasma and proteins derived from
urinary tract.
• Proteinuria refers to excretion of urine more than
150mg/24hours.
• CAUSES:
• 1.PRE RENAL
• 2.RENAL
• 3.POST RENAL
PRE RENAL PROTEINURIA:
• INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
• MUSCLE INJURY
• INFECTION
RENAL PROTEINURIA:
GLOMERULAR CAUSE:
• GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE,
DIABETES MELLITUS.
TUBULAR CAUSE:
• PYELONEPHRITIS, FANCONI SYNDROME.
POST RENAL PROTEINURIA:
• INFLAMMATION / NEOPLASM OF URINARY TRACT.
EDEMA
HEMATURI
A
HYPERTENSI
ON
NEPHRITI
C
EDEMA
Proteinuria
(> 3.5 g/24
hours)
Hypoalbuminaem
ia (< 30 g/L)
NEPHROTI
C
• AKA LIQUID BIOPSY OF URINARY TRACT.
URINE EXAMINATION  RENAL DISEASES.pptx
URINE EXAMINATION  RENAL DISEASES.pptx

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URINE EXAMINATION RENAL DISEASES.pptx