stroke All

1. Stroke: Symptoms,
Causes, and Treatment
 Stroke is a serious medical emergency that happens when the blood
supply to part of the brain is cut off. In this presentation, we'll explore what
causes stroke, the different types of stroke, and how it can be treated.

2. Pathophysiology of Stroke
Ischemic Stroke
Occurs when a blood clot
blocks an artery in the brain,
causing brain cells to die and
leading to permanent brain
damage or death.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Occurs when a blood vessel in
the brain bursts and spills
blood into surrounding brain
tissue, causing damage and
irritation.
Transient Ischemic Attack
A mini-stroke, it occurs when
there is a temporary disruption
in blood flow to the brain. It
may not cause permanent
damage, but it is a warning
sign for future strokes.

3. Causes and Risk Factors of Stroke
High Blood Pressure
This is the most common risk factor for
stroke. High blood pressure can damage the
blood vessels in your brain, making them
more vulnerable to rupture or blockage.
Smoking
Smoking can damage the blood vessels and
also reduce the oxygen supply to the brain,
increasing your risk for stroke.
Diabetes
People with diabetes are at an increased
risk for stroke due to damage caused to
blood vessels, nerve cells, and organs from
high blood sugar levels.
Age and Gender
Stroke can happen at any age, but the risk
increases as you get older. Men are more
likely to have strokes than women, but
women are more likely to die from a stroke.

4. Clinical Features of Stroke
• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side
• Confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech
• Sudden vision loss in one or both eyes
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause
• Dizziness, loss of balance, or trouble walking
• Sudden, unexplained nausea or vomiting
• Loss of consciousness or convulsions

5. Diagnosis and Assessment of Stroke
1 Medical history and
physical exam
Doctors will ask about your
symptoms, medical history, and
family history to diagnose a stroke.
2
Imaging tests
MRI, CT scan, and Ultrasound can
help doctors pinpoint the location and
extent of brain damage caused by a
stroke. 3 Blood tests
Blood tests can confirm if you are
experiencing an ischemic or
hemorrhagic stroke, or a transient
ischemic attack.

6. Management of Stroke
Emergency Medical
Treatment
If you are experiencing a
stroke, prompt emergency
medical treatment can
minimize brain damage and
reduce the risk of
complications.
Rehabilitation
Depending on the extent of
brain damage, rehabilitation
may be needed to help you
relearn basic skills, such as
walking, eating, and
communicating.
Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Eating a healthy diet, getting
regular exercise, and not
smoking can significantly
reduce your risk of having a
stroke.

7. Complications of Stroke
1 Difficulty Swallowing
Stroke can cause weakness
or paralysis of the muscles
used for swallowing, making
it difficult to eat or drink.
2 Memory Loss and
Cognitive Decline
Brain damage caused by a
stroke can affect memory,
thinking, and reasoning
abilities, which may not be
fully recovered after
rehabilitation.
3 Depression and Emotional Changes
Stroke can trigger strong emotions, such as anxiety, anger, and
sadness, that can interfere with recovery and quality of life.
• The most common complication of stroke Breathing difficulties,
vision change, Difficulty of speaking , Difficulty of moving,
Dizziness, Seizure, Neck stiffness or pain.