First aid training slide

1. FIRST AID AT WORK COURSE

2. Content
 What is First Aid
 Resuscitation
 Unconsciousness
 Management of Blood loss
 Burns
 Fainting
 Heart attack
 Poisoning
 Fractures

3. What is first Aid?
First Aid is a state of mind, a proactive
attitude and a set of actions and practices
that seek to prevent, be prepared for and
provide an initial response in emergency
situations.
It is the initial assistance or treatment given to
someone who is injured or who has suddenly
taken ill before he or she is taken to the hospital.

4. 1. Preserve life
Aims of first aid
2. Limit worsening of the condition
3. Promote recovery

5. a. Assess
b. Airway
c. Breathing
d. Chest Compressions
e. Control Bleeding
Aims of first aid cont….
1. Preserve life

6. I. Examination of the casualty
II. Make diagnosis
III. Give priority to seriously injured
IV. Treat multiple injuries in order of priority
V. Consider possibility of secondary condition
2. Limit the worsening of the condition
Aims of first aid cont….

7. 1. Relieve discomfort, pain or
anxiety
2. Reassure
3. Get medical aid
3. Promote recovery
Aims of first aid cont….

8. Safety
Assess
Diagnose
Treat
After Care
Report
Responsibilities of the first Aider
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

9. Secondary survey
History
Symptoms Signs
External
clues
Mechanics of
injury

10. C P R
DR ABC D of First Aid
D – anger
R – esponse
A – irways
B – reathing
C – ompression
D - efibrillator

11. Recovery position

12. Chain of survival

13. 5. If not breathing,
phone for help
6. Give chest
compressions
7. 30:2 cycle
8. Continue CPR
until help arrives
Resuscitation - treatment
1. Check for danger
2. Check for Response
3. Open the airway
4. Check for normal
Breathing

14. 1. Give five initial rescue breaths before starting chest
compressions…then
2. Continue at the ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths
3. If you are alone perform resuscitation for about 1
minute before going for help
4. Compress the chest by about one-third of its depth
Resuscitation - children and infants

15. Resuscitation - children and infants
For a baby under 1 year, use
two fingers to compress the
chest by about one third of
its depth
For a child over 1 year, use one or
two hands, as appropriate, to
compress the chest by about one third
of its depth

16. Objects may cause either mild or severe airway obstruction.
It is important to ask the conscious victim ‘Are you choking?’
Choking
General signs of choking
> Attack occurs while eating
> Casualty may clutch his/her neck
Signs of MILD airway obstruction
Response to question ‘Are you choking?’
> Casualty speaks & answers ‘yes’
Other signs
> Casualty is able to speak, cough, and breath
Signs of SEVERE airway obstruction
Response to question ‘Are you choking?’
> Casualty unable to speak
> Casualty may respond by nodding
Other signs
> Casualty is unable to breath
> Breathing sounds wheezy
> Attempts at coughing are silent
> Casualty may be unconscious

17. 1. Encourage coughing
2. Up to 5 back blows
3. Check
Mouth
5. Check
Mouth
4. Up to 5 abdominal
thrusts
>Repeat sequence 3 times – Call for help - Repeat sequence<
Choking - treatment

18. Choking - treatment
Assess severity
Severe airway
obstruction
(ineffective cough)
Mild airway
obstruction
(effective cough)
Unconscious
>Start CPR
Conscious
> 5 back blows
> 5 abdominal thrusts
Encourage cough
Continue to check for
deterioration to ineffective
cough or relief of obstruction

19. Lacerated
Incised Graze
Bruise Puncture Gunshot
Types of wounds

20. Laceration to fingers

21. Laceration to eye/face

22. Amputation of fingers

23. Punctured wound

24. Blood loss & shock - recognition
History
Pale skin
Cool and moist skin
Fast & weak pulse
Fast & shallow breathing
Nausea & vomiting
Thirsty
Anxious
Level of response drops

25. Treat The Cause (if possible)
Protection from Shock
> Give reassurance > Protect from heat loss
> Get medical aid > Nil by mouth
> No Smoking
Shock - treatment

26. Impaired consciousness is a result of an
interruption of normal brain activity leading to a
loss of awareness of surroundings
Impaired consciousness

27. > Check response and re-check the level of
response. Initial assessment:
A --Alert
V --Response to Voice
P --Response to Pain
U --Unresponsiveness
Impaired consciousness - treatment
> Ensure the airway is open and clear

28. > Do they open spontaneously?
> Do they open to speech?
> Do they open to painful stimulus?
> Is the casualty unresponsive?
Level of responsiveness
Note the time and response of the eyes

29. > Does the casualty move on command?
> Does the casualty move in response to
painful stimuli?
> Is the casualty unresponsive?
Level of responsiveness
Note the following time and response to movement

30. Is the response to questions normal?
Is the casualty confused?
Does the casualty use inappropriate words?
Does the casualty make incomprehensible
sounds?
Is the casualty unresponsive?
Level of responsiveness
Note the time and response to voice

31. F
I
S
H
Causes of unconsciousness
ainting
mbalance of body heat
hock
ead injury
S
H
A
P
E
D
troke
ypoxia
naphylaxis
oisoning
pilepsy
iabetes

32. > Pale skin
> Cold & clammy
> Slow pulse
> Brief loss of consciousness
Temporary reduction of blood to brain:
Fainting - recognition

33. > Reassure
> Check for any injuries
> Sit the casualty up gradually
Fainting - treatment

34. > Persistent chest pain
> Difficulty in breathing
> Irregular or unusually
fast or slow pulse
> Profuse sweating
> Moist, pale skin
Heart attack
Recognition:

35. Heart attack
> Position
> Dial the emergency
numbers
> Get AED if available
> Monitor
Treatment:

36. How poisons enter the body

37. > Call for ambulance
> Remember your own safety!
> Protect casualty’s airway
> Establish cause
> Monitor very closely
> Be ready to resuscitate
Poisons – generic treatment

38. S ize
C ause
A ge
L ocation
D epth
Severity of burns

39. Superficial Partial Full
Depth of burns

40. > All burns involving the feet, hands, face or genital area
> All burns that extend around a limb
> Superficial burns above 5%
> Partial thickness burns above 1%
> All full thickness burns
> Burns with a mixed pattern of depth
> If you are unsure about the extent or severity
> Children
Burns and scalds (when to go to hospital)

41. 1. Cool the burn
4. Seek medical advice
3. Once cooled cover
with a sterile dressing
2. Remove any clothing
not sticking to the burn
Burns - treatment

42. Do NOT:
> Apply creams or lotions
> Burst blisters
> Place ice on the burn
> Remove clothing sticking to the burn
Burns - treatment

43. The spine

44. Closed
Open
Complicated
Green Stick
Types of fracture

45. Fractures
L
I
P
oss of power
rregularity
ain
D
U
S
T
eformity
nnatural movement
welling or bruising
enderness

46. Fractured wrist

47. Open fracture

48. > Provide support to the injured area
> Expose the site of the injury
> Treat any wounds
> Immobilize effectively
> Reassure and monitor
Fractures - treatment

49. Fractured leg
Ambulance Imminent

50. Ambulance Delayed
Fractured leg

51. Strains & sprains

52. Strains & sprains treatment
R
I
C
E
est
ce
ompression
levation

53. QUESTIONS