fracture nursing AHS

1. MS. LINCY SAMSON
NURSING LECTURER,
GANGA COLLEGE OF NURSING,

2. ASEMINARONFRACTURE
FRACTURE

3. • Boneisan mineralized denseconnective tissue..
TYPESOFBONE
Bones can beclassified into The according to shape:
• Longbone.Eg: humerus,femur,radius,ulna, tibia, fibula.
• Flat bone.Eg: parietal & frontal bones,ribs, sternum,and
scapula.
• Shortbone.Eg:carpals andtarsalsbones.
• Irregular bone.Eg:vertebra, hip bone,sphenoid,maxilla.
• Pneumaticbones.Eg:maxilla, sphenoid,ethmoid.
• Sesamoidbones.Eg:patella, pisiform,fabella..
ANATOMYOFBONE

4. FUNCTIONS OFBONES
• Support and movement
• Protect all major organs
• Blood cell formation ( hemopoietic function)
• Menerals storage
• Give attachment to musclesand ligament

5. A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. When a fracture
happens, it's classified as either open or closed: Open fracture (also
called compound fracture): The bone pokes through the skin and can
be seen, or a deep wound exposes the bone through the skin. Closed
fracture (also called simple fracture).
DEFINITION

6. CAUSES OF BONE FRACTURE
Fall from a height.
Trauma.
Motor vehicle accidents
Direct blow.
Child abuse.
stress fracture

7. DIFFERENTMECHANISM OF FRACTURE

8. TYPES OF FRACTURE

9. OPENFRACTURE
• 🐦 A fracture in whichthe boneis Sticking through the skinand also called a
compound fracture..
• 🐦Example : Causedby motor vehicle.accident…

10. CLOSED FRACTURE
A fracture bone that does not penetrate through the skinand also
called simple fracture.
🌺 whenthere isnoopen woundcommunicatingwiththisfracture.

11. GREENSTICKFRACTURE
•
• Greenstickfracture occursin children whenbones
iscrackedandbent without breaking completely
across..
• 🍁 thisfracturesoccursmost during infancy
andchildhood whenbones are soft
• 🍁 thisfracture require 4 to 8 weeksfor complete
healing..

12. TRANSVERSE FRACTURE
• 👣 the fracture isstraight acrossthe bone shaft iscalled transverse
bone fracture.

13. OBLIQUE FRACTURE
• 🔗 the fracture isslanted acrossthe bone shaft iscalled asoblique fracture.

14. SPIRAL F RA C TU R E
• 🏍 A spiral fracture isa bonefracture that occurswhena long boneisbroken
bya twisting force. It usuallytakesa combination of surgery,rest, andphysical
therapy to recoverfrom spiral fractures.

15. COMMINUTEDFRACTURE
 🎼Comminuted fracture –Thebroken into pieces,which mayrequire
surgery for complete healing.

16. I MPACT ED FRACTURE
• 🔮An impacted fracture, also called a bucklefracture, isa break where the
endsare driven into eachother.Thisisoften seenwith children’s arm fractures.

17. OTHER TYPES OF FRACTURES🔎
• 🏍Hair line fracture : the mostcommonform Isstressfracture, often occurring in the footor
lower leg asa result of repeater stressfrom activities such as jogging, running or jumping…
• 🏍Compression fracture occurs two bones are forced against each other. the bones of the
spine, called vertebrae, can have this type of fracture. in older people particularly those with
osteoporosis, are at high risk.
• 🏍 A n avulsionfracture isan injury to the bone in a location where a tendon or ligament
attaches to the boneWhen an avulsionfracture occurs,the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece
of the bone.Avulsionfractures canoccur anywhere in the body. the body, but they are more
commonin a few specific locations.

18. STRESS,AVULSION, COMPRESSION F RACTURES

19. SIG N S OFFRACTURE
• 🌞 tenderness
• 🌝 swelling
• ⭐ deformity
• 🌟 abnormal mobility
• ☀ lossof transmittedmovements
• 🌜 crepitus..

20. SYMPTOMS OFFRACTURE
• . Pain @nd tendernnes at the site..
• 🏍loss of power: the injured part cannotbe movednormally..
• 🔗swelling
• 🔏 irregularity ifthe broken bone iscloseunder the skinor protruding..
• 💊shock
• unnatural movementand crepitus .amine for these signs..

21. DIAGNOSISOFFRACTURE
• 🐥 Historycollection
• 🐥 physicalexamination
• 🐥 x-ray scan
• 🐥 CTSCAN
• 🐥 MRI SCAN

22. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

23. MUSCLE STRENGTH ASSESSMENT
• Grade0 -- NO muscle movement
• Grade1 - muscle movement without join motion
• Grade2 --moves with gravity elimination
• Grade3 --moves against gavity but no resistance
• Grade4 --moves against gravity and light resistance
• Grade5 -- normal strength

24. X- RA
Y
, CTSCAN, MRISCAN…

25. MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURE
• 🔆 medical management
• 🔆 surgical management
• 🔆 emergency management
• 🔆 nutritional management

26. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Medication:
• Analgesicsdrugs like,acetaminophen
• Anti inflammatory drugs forinflammation
• Anti Pyretics for fever
• Ondonsitron for vomiting
• Diclofenac for painkiller

27. TRACTION
• it isdefine astheact ofpullingabodyoverthesurface..manyfracturescannot be
reduced or thebonesmaintained theproper positions bysimplemanipulation
..Insuchcasestractionisdonetosecureadequateimmobilizationandalsoto
correctandmaintainthepositionofbrokenbones
• Purpose:
• Commonly used for fracture of the humerusare Femur and are also fracture
involving both bonesof the lower leg.
• BYTractionthe overlapping and resulting deformity is prevented.
• BYtraction and extensionthe bone isfixed in the proper direction and
position to promote healing and for proper function..

28. THERE ARETWOTYPESOF TRACTION:🦀SKIN TRACTION AND🐌 SKELETAL TRACT I ON
• 🌸traction isusedwhenthe soft tissues,suchasthe musclesand tendons, need
to be repaired.less force is applied during skin traction to avoid irritating or
damaging the skin and other soft tissues.

29. SKELETAL TRACTION
• Skeletal traction involvesplacing a pin, wire, or screwin the fractured bone. After
oneof thesedeviceshasbeen inserted, weights are attached to it sothe bone can
be pulled into the correct position.

30. CARE OF PATIENT IN TRACTION

31. SPLINTING
• Splint isa piece of medical equipment usedto keep an injured body part from
movingand to protect it from any further damage. Splinting isoften used to
stabilize a broken bone while the injured person istaken to the hospital for
moreadvanced treatment.

32. WHY WEDO SPLITTING
• T
o stablizetheextremity
• T
o decrease pain
• T
o protect andpreventfurtherinjury
• Typesofsplints:
• 🌼volar splint,🌻thumb spicasplint,🌻radial gutter splint,🌻
posterior longarmsplint,🌻sugar tongsplint,🌻mallet finger,🌻
finger splint,
• 🌻soft splint,🌻rigid splint….Etc…….

33. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
• Openreduction:
• Internal fixation
• Externalfixation
• Closedreduction:
• Internal fixation
• Externalfixationn

34. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OFFRACTURES
• aims:
• T
oprevent further damage ., example simplefracture becoming compoundorcomplicated
• T
oprevent pain, and to makethe patient ascomfortable aspossible until proper treatmentis
available
• T
oprevent shockbecomingworse
• Rules:
• Encourageda victim do not movethe injured part
• Give comfortable positionto victim. do not overcrowd the victim
• Checkthe injured part for swelling, bleeding and wound..and apply pressureonthe
bleeding site with sterilecloth
• Reassurethe patient and Sendfor medical aid if possible..

35. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (EMT)
• Evaluatefor respiratory difficulties from edemadueto facial andneck injuries,
accumulationof secretiontherespiratory tracketc..
• Control hemorrhage….
• 🌾 StopBleeding.Apply direct pressureonthecutor woundwith a clean
cloth, tissue,or pieceof gauzeuntil bleeding stops. …
• 🌾 CleanCutor Wound.Gentlycleanwith soapandwarmwater.…
• 🌾 ProtecttheWound.Apply antibiotic creamto reducerisk of infectionand
cover withasterilebandage.
coverwith a sterile bandage. …

36. TREATFOR SHOCK
• Whichis usuallytheresultofbloodlossinapatientwith Fracture..
• 🎭Assess for falling blood pressure, cold , clamny skin, and Rapid,
threadypulse..
• 🎭Maintain a blood pressurewith intravenousinfusion..
• 🎭Give blood transfusionsblood componenttherapy assoonasblood
is available..
• 🎭Give an analgesic to control pain and splitting the extremity and
controlling pain are essential in treating shockaccompanying Fracture
• 🎭Look for evidence of head , chestand other injury.

37. NUTRITIONALMANAGEMENT
• ⚡Nutrition andsunlight – thehumanbody
needsadequatesuppliesof calciumfor healthy
bones.Milk, cheese,yoghurt, anddark green
leafy vegetablesare good sourcesof calcium.
• ⚡ O u r body needsvitamin Dto absorb calcium
– exposureto sunlight,aswell aseating eggs and
oily fish are good waysof getting vitamin D.

38. COMPLICATIONSOFBONE FRACTURE
• ♣blood loss: Boneshave arichbloodsupply.. Abadbreakcan
makeyoulosealargeamountofblood..
• ♦injuriesto organ,tissue, orsurroundingstructures:forexamplethe
braincanbedamagedbyskullfractureandchestorganscanbe injured
ifarib fracture.

39. COMPLICATIONS
• EARL
YCOMPLICATIONS
• 💥Vascular, nerveinjuries
• 💥Haemarthrosis.
• 💥Compartmentsyndrome(or
Volkmann’s
• ischaemia).
• 💥Wound Infection – more
commonfor openfractures.
• 💥Fracture blisters.
• 💥Damage to surroundingtissue,
nervesor skin.

40. HEALING PROCESS OF BONEFRACTURE
in thefirst fewdaysafter a fracture, thebody forms a blood clot around
thebrokenboneto protect it anddeliver thecellsneededfor healing.Then,
anarea of healing tissueforms around thebrokenbone. This is calleda
callus. It joinsthebrokenbonestogether.

41. THEREARETHREEST
AGESOFBONEHEALING:THE
INFLAMMATORY,REPARATIVE,ANDREMODELING
ST
AGES.

42. CHILDREN TEND TO HEAL FASTER..
WHY
.. 👈 🏍
• ⭐Reason : periosteumis morestronger, thicker, flexible …
Not only doesthismaketheir bonesthickerandstronger,but it
alsomeansrecoveryandhealing timeismuchquicker.Thisis
becausethebonesare far moreoxygen-rich, allowing it to
moreeasily healafter trauma.
• ⭐Healing time❓ 👉 3 to 12 weeks🔆

43. THANK YOU SO MUCH
💗
By, srivatsan. M
💜