Mediquick industrial project report

CHAPTER-1
Introduction
1.1)Introduction to Organization
SFS operates from Sebiz Square and has a state of the art facility with 10,000 square feet of
unrestricted space, a 90 seat auditorium, cafeteria, full power backup and classrooms equipped
with top of the line computer systems. At SFS all faculty members are highly trained with
professional certifications. Many are industry veterans with years of experience in the IT industry
.Our team members over 400 and with its varied skills sets, is a committed bunch of people who
definitely know what they are doing. Quality is our prime focus, this is illustrated by our CMMi
level-3 and ISO 9001-2000 certifications and our status as a Microsoft Gold Certified Partner.
We approach our work with passion and enthusiasm. The Sebiz credo is, “We deliver, no matter
what- and have fun doing it”.
We are Sebiz infotech based in Rochester, U.S.A. We are an IT company with a fast growing
global presence. Our Global footprint spans 6 offices and 3 continents. We have development
facilities both in the US and India which means we can offer you a 24 hours development
environment and speed to market that is truly amazing.
Today, we have a well deserved reputation for providing exciting multimedia content and
creating innovative Internet business applications, offering high quality, low cost solutions. Our
professional IT services aim at empowering your enterprise from getting e-Business up, creating
enticing and powerful multimedia content and managing technology.
Infrastructure, we are focused on helping your business do better. We help you bring defect-free
products to market, on time and within budget. We address the specialized needs of this market
to offer a complete business and technology offerings. This include software development, Web
solutions, Internet Marketing with a special focus on Search Engine Optimization, E-learning,
Hosting and Network Management.
Industrial Trainings are high quality courses of 6 Months and 6 Weeks duration within the Sebiz
campus with courses covering .Net, PHP, QA, iPhone, Android and Java. Courses in allied
subjects like HR, Finance and Sales & Marketing are also offered. Similar courses are offered
through the Centers of Excellence Programs pioneered by SFS and conducted on college
campuses in the region.
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SFS is the initiative of Sebiz in the education space. Realizing the widening gap between
antiquated college syllabi and the demands of a fast changing IT environment, we became
aware that fresh IT graduates are a long way from being 'industry ready'. SFS aims to fix this
issue by providing intensive training in current technologies like .Net, PHP, QA, iPhone,
Android and Java. We also offer training in other upcoming areas like SEO (Search
Engine Optimization), HR, Finance and Sales & Marketing. Of late SFS has also branched
out into organizing Professional Workshops for executives and online courses for corporate
training.
Sebiz can help you achieve your IT and training goals. We are the IT partner you can depend on
to increase business efficiencies and help your business be more visible online. To date we have
more than 3000 projects under our belt and many more underway. We provide Software
Development services including Web & Mobile application development and Search Engine
Marketing services to businesses big and small. Under the aegis of the Sebiz Finishing School
we have also flagged off a number of important training and educational inititatives.
Sebiz Finishing School or SFS as it is popularly known is a brainchild of Sebiz. It is fast gaining
areputation for high quality training in the Northern Region. It was set up with the goal of making
fresh graduates industry-ready with highly focused programs and emphasis on lab work rather
than practical. Today SFS has widened its repertoire to include Industrial Training, Online
Courses and Weekend Workshops for corporates and working professionals. We are proud of the
fact that in recent years SFS has helped train over 2000 IT graduates and placed over 1500
graduates in jobs.
Figure No 1.1:-Company Profile
1.2)Introduction to Project
The android operating system (AOS) based electronic devices such as Smart phones and
computer tablets are extensively used for many purposes like instant messaging, ,gaming, word
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processing, internet and download number of applications online. There are different kinds of
healthcare applications developed in android Smart phones which help patients and their
caregivers to reduce time and cost efficiency. This project proposed such new application which
satisfies our day to day needs, about hospital management system. The patient can search the
hospital based on their needs. This application provides the available hospital and doctors details
based on the patient request. The proposed application is developed that locates the nearest
hospital about five km radius with the desired medical specialist. The nearest position of hospitals
is calculated with a built-in feature of Global Positioning System in Smart phones and finds the
route from their current location through Google Map application Program Interfaces (API). With
the help of this application, a patient can find the nearest hospital according to specialized
consultant availability. A comprehensive profile of doctor and hospital is available in the
application including the website, mailing addresses and contact numbers. The developed android
application is a user friendly app which provides the required details to the patients in an efficient
manner.
The healthcare problems are growing rapidly day by day and people have to spend a lot of money
for their daily check-up. To reduce the health related problems we have to know the prevention
related to that problem so we can easily find out the solution related to the problems and solve
that specific problem through that solution. According to the St John Ambulance Association’s
statement about the purpose of first aid, it should preserve life, prevent deterioration, and
promote recovery (St John Ambulance, 2016). Two of the many possible examples available in
the literature, of cases where bystander first aid was needed, are the following:
• A 17-year-old boy was in a motorcycle accident with no serious injuries, his heart stopped, and
no bystander performed CPR, resulting in the boy’s death (St John Ambulance, 2010)
• A 4-year-old boy suffered a swimming pool accident and was resuscitated by young, off-duty
lifeguards (American Red Cross, 2016a)
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Figure No 1.2:-MediQuick
MediQuick is based on Health related Issues so we can easily find out the Nearby Hospitals,
Nearby Pharmacy, Blood Bank By clicking on Single Button. We can also get a Knowledge
about Various Vitamin to solve that specific problem. The MediQuick functionality is divided
into a many parts which are given Below:
• Hospitals Near Me
• Pharmacy Near Me
• Emergency First Aid
• Blood Donors
• Meditation
• Family Doctor Data
• Medical Equipment
• BMI Calculator
• Vaccination Chart
• Calories table
• Vitamin chart
1.3) Project Category:-
This Project is made through a Android Technology which is Application based Project. I also
used SQL Lite in this project for database connectivity. Android is a software bunch comprising
not only operating system but also middleware and key applications. Android Inc was founded
in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003.
Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been
number of updates in the original version of Android.
An Android app is a software application running on the Android platform. Because the Android
platform is built for mobile devices, a typical Android app is designed for a smartphone or a
tablet PC running on the Android OS. Although an Android app can be made available by
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developers through their websites, most Android apps are uploaded and published on the Android
Market, an online store dedicated to these applications.
Android apps are written in the Java programming language and use Java core libraries.
Developers may download the Android software development kit (SDK) from the Android
website. Developers may download the Android software development kit (SDK) from the
Novice developers who simply want to play around with Android programming can make use of
the App Inventor. Using this online application, a user can construct an Android app as if putting
together pieces of a puzzle.
Figure No 1.3.1 Features of Android Application
1.3.1)Android Applications:-
Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software
Development Kit.Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out
either through a store such as Google Play, SlideME, Opera Mobile Store, Mobango, F-droid and
the Amazon Appstore. Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190
countries around the world. It's the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing
fast. Every day more than 1 million new Android devices are activated worldwide.
1.3.2)SQL Lite:-
SQLite is a open source SQL database that stores data to a text file on a device. Android comes
in with built in SQLite database implementation. SQLite supports all the relational database
features. In order to access this database, you don't need to establish any kind of connections for
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it like JDBC,ODBC etc. One of the main principles of SQL databases is the schema: a formal
declaration of how the database is organized. The schema is reflected in the SQL statements that
you use to create your database. You may find it helpful to create a companion class, known as
a contract class, which explicitly specifies the layout of your schema in a systematic and self-
documenting way.A contract class is a container for constants that define names for URIs, tables,
and columns. The contract class allows you to use the same constants across all the other classes
in the same package. This lets you change a column name in one place and have it propagate
throughout your code. A good way to organize a contract class is to put definitions that are global
to your whole database in the root level of the class. Then create an inner class for each table.
Each inner class enumerates the corresponding table's columns. Just like files that you save on
the device's internal storage, Android stores your database in your app's private folder. Your data
is secure, because by default this area is not accessible to other apps or the user.
The SQLiteOpenHelper class contains a useful set of APIs for managing your database. When
you use this class to obtain references to your database, the system performs the potentially long-
running operations of creating and updating the database only when needed and not during app
start-up. All you need to do is call getWritableDatabase() orgetReadableDatabase().
1.4.) Objectives:-
We are currently living in a world where mobile usage is growing exponentially. Unlike the other
forms of communication, mobile technology is ubiquitous. It offers solutions that is tailored to
us – the 21st century user. Technology has empowered us greatly, we seek information anywhere
and anytime.
Health apps have flooded the marketplace with fervour. They help monitor, diagnose, and in
some ways, aid in the treatment of certain health conditions.
Thanks to sophistication in mobile technology, healthcare apps offer remarkable opportunities to
improve our health, safety and in some sense preparedness to common illnesses. Due to their
affordability, availability and the portability of smart devices, health apps have notable
opportunities.
Nearby Pharmacy, BloodBank By clicking on Single Button. We can also get a Knowledge
about Various Vitamin to solve that specific problem.The MediQuick functionality is divided
into a many parts which are given Below:-
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• Blood Donors
• Meditation
• BMI Calculator
• Calories table
• Vitamin chart
1.)Hospitals Nearby Me:- One of the best advantages of this MEDIQUICK application is that
you even get to know all the locations of the dental hospitals, apart from the medical health care
centres, and you get the options to call the phone number given in the listing. i.e. you don’t need
to type in the phone number by noting it down, but you can just click on the phone number and
it would initiate the call.
2.)Pharmacy Nearby Me:- Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular
landmark etc. but there is an application for Android phones which helps people find only the
Pharmacy service places at and around any particular location, which is indeed a helpful thing
when someone needs to find a Pharmacy shop around the place they are, in emergency but can’t
find anything through Google maps because of the limited knowledge of the usage where one
could not sort the results in particular. Google maps is there for any particular location, any
particular landmark etc. but there is an application for Android phones which helps people find
only the hospitals, clinics and health service places at and around any particular location, which
is indeed a helpful thing when someone needs to find a Pharmacy shop around the place they are,
in emergency but can’t find anything through Google maps because of the limited knowledge of
the usage where one could not sort the result in particular.
3.) Emergency First Aid:- First aid is an emergency measure, generally consisting of simple,
often life-saving techniques that most people can train to perform with minimal equipment and
no previous medical experience. The term usually refers to administering care to a human,
although it can also be performed on animals. The Emergency First Aid Features is used to
provide detailed information about the Problems. The various types of problems is mentioned
over the app. To prevent from that problem the YouTube video is there to help you.
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1.5)Problem Formulation:-
The Health related problem is increasing day by day .We do not have a enough knowledge how
to resolve that problem when we do not have any hospital nearby me. To find out that the various
hospitals nearby me we can used this app. In past era all the health related record is stored
manually .To resolve that problem and find out the nearby blood donors we can use this app to
resolve that problem quickly .if any person in an danger and he/she needs a help from blood bank
then he/she can easily find out that nearby blood bank through a Google maps.
Mobile technology has made its space in the Healthcare, Medical and Pharmaceutical industry
also. By many ways the mobile apps can be helpful to the doctors, fitness experts, patients &
hospital management staff. Doctors prescribe the patients through apps, patients can get on-time
reminders for medicine & regular health check-up. Medical is a broad term & mobile health
technology has formulated the new ways that doctors can assist patients, health conscious people
can remain healthy by using fitness apps. Maintaining the stock of medicines, injections &
other operational instruments with mobile app becomes easy for the Hospital management staff.
In the modern day, people use technology for their health concern. Medical professionals such
as Doctors, Medical Practitioners, Hospital Management staff & students also make use of apps
for the ease of all sorts of operations & routine tasks. When we look into the survey, 62% US
smartphone owners have used their phone to get info about a health condition during 2015.
Hence, it is proved that apps belong to Healthcare category get a good user response. Below all
the categories are explained in brief that how mobility solutions are performing well in Medical
& Healthcare.
1.5.1) 'Road accidents claim more lives than murders in Ranchi' Ranchi, February 9
"Road accident statistics are surprising. Youth is the largest casualty of road accidents," said the
Chief Minister during flagging off Run for Safety, which is part of the road safety week
celebrations, here on Saturday.
1.5.2) In Abohar, 8 injured in road accidents Abohar, January 17
Government school teachers Manish and Manjit Singh and latter’s daughter Mandeep Kaur were
hurt as the car they were travelling in to go to Dalmirkhera village collided with another vehicle
due to dense fog on Thursday. Visibility was reduced to less than 10 m on the city bypass here.
The trio was shifted to the civil hospital, but doctors later referred the girl to Faridkot.
1.5.3) Three injured in accident Abohar, February 7
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Three persons were injured as a pickup van collided with a car on the Abohar-Malout road on
Thursday afternoon. Two of them were referred to Faridkot as their condition was critical.
Rajinder was driving the pickup van from Bathinda to reach Sriganganagar, while Jaitu residents
Jaswinder Singh and Babbal Singh were on the way back from Abohar when the vehicles collided
on the highway. — OC
1.5.4) Medical check-up camp organised for juvenile inmates at Observation
Home Ludhiana, August 3
The District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) organised a medical check-up camp for juvenile
inmates at the Observation Home on Friday. Gurbir Singh, District and Sessions Judge-cum-
Chairman, DLSA, Dr Gurpreet Kaur, CJM-cum-Secretary, DLSA, and Jatinder Pal Singh,
chairman, District Child Welfare Committee, Ludhiana, were also present on the occasion.
1.5.5) Blood donation camp organized Mandi Ahmedgarh, Dec 11
The Malwa Social Club organized a blood donation camp in Cambridge Public School at Chomon
village on Tuesday. As many as 60 volunteers donated blood on the occasion. The camp was
inaugurated by Sant Sukhdev Singh Ber Kalan and Payal MLA Lakhvir Singh Lakha was the
chief guest. Doctors from the Lord Mahavir Civil Hospital
To Reduce all these Kind of problems the peoples can use Mediquick to reduce health related
problems. MediQuick is based on Health related Issues so we can easily find out the Nearby
Hospitals, Nearby Pharmacy, Blood Bank By clicking on Single Button. We can also get a
Knowledge about Various Vitamin to solve that specific problem.
1.6) Identification/Reorganization of Need:-
Mobile health apps are becoming both more popular and technologically sophisticated. As they
do, interest in their use as tools for healthcare is correlatively growing. There are currently over
165,000 smartphone apps with health monitoring or data storage functions available on Apple
iOS and Google Android systems. the majority of these record and trend diet, fitness, and stress-
related information. These applications, and the smartphone hardware they utilize, are becoming
more sophisticated, the metrics they record are becoming more accurate, and their use is
becoming ever more widespread. It is predicted by some that such technologies will increasingly
‘do more of the heavy lifting in medicine. To be sure, computerized medicine has played an
important role in clinical practice for several decades. The increasing reliance of physicians on
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computer technology in recent years has raised concerns, for example, about reliability, the cost
of healthcare, and the deterioration of the physician–patient relationship. It is expected that
physicians and other healthcare professionals will increasingly rely on technology in their
practice. These trends, in turn, will raise a number of legal and ethical questions. Our focus here,
however, will be on a different, though related trend. Mobile health applications have put tools
of medicine in the hands of patients and consumers. This is a relatively new phenomenon, one
which, we suggest, has not yet been adequately studied.
The Health related problem is increasing day by day .We donot have a enough knowledge how
to resolve that problem when we do not have any hospital nearby me. To find out that the various
hospitals near by me we can used this app. In past era all the health related record is stored
manually .To resolve that problem and find out the near by blood donors we can use this app to
resolve that problem quickly .if any person in an danger and he/she needs a help from blood bank
then he/she can easily find out that near by blood bank through a google maps.
This calculator computes the body mass index and rates it appropriately for men, women,
children, juveniles and seniors. The SBMI – an index that has been developed four years ago
especially for this calculator – serves for this purpose. It is based on the results of the most
comprehensive study* published so far on the BMI and its associated health risks. BMI (Body
Mass Index) calculator is quite important for human as they can measure body shape based on
individual’s age, mass, height and activity level. The general formula used in calculating body
mass index is BMI= 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔) (ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖 𝑔𝑔ℎt(𝑚𝑚)) 2 . This shows that BMI is important to determine
the body fat percentage among ratios of height and weight. This program is developed through
computer programming. Computer programming is a process that started from original
formulation of a computing problem to executable programs. The reason for doing programming
in this project is to find a sequence of instructions that will be performing as a specific task will
be given.
The Blood data Bank helps you to store blood group of your known ones and this can be helpful
at the time of need, Moreover we have search online option so that you can find nearby blood
bank easily. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark etc. but
there is an application for Android phones which helps people find only the Blood Banks places
at and around any particular location, which is indeed a helpful thing when someone needs to
find a blood bank around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find anything through Google
maps because of the limited knowledge of the usage where one could not sort the results in
particular. Blood data Bank is aims serving for human welfare. We have all the information, you
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will ever need. Many people are here for you, to help you, willing to donate blood for you
anytime. We have done all the job, rest is yours. Search the blood group you need. You can help
us by registering on Smart Blood Bank if you are willing to donate your blood when needed. As
a proud member of Smart Blood Bank and a responsible human being, you can help someone in
need. So, donate blood in online. We can add, delete and view the blood data bank related
information. We can also search nearby blood bank through Google maps which gives the
particular blood bank location and also provide phone no and direction about the blood bank.
1.7) Existing System:-
In the present existing system, consulting any doctor is very tiresome task for the patient. There
are many cases where the patient is unable to find out the required doctor for his disease, this
become even worse if there is an emergency case especially when the patient is in an unknown
area. This situation might harm the patient in the mean time. Even knowing the proper address,
contact details of the doctor for required disease has become a very tough task. Also, sometimes
doctor's schedule may get change during such cases patient's appointment might be cancelled.
This might not be known by the patient due to lack of communication between the patients and
the doctor. A doctor can have many patients in a day which becomes even more difficult for the
doctor to intimate his schedule for each and every patient. Because of this time of patient get
wasted and in the case of emergency it may cause harm to the patient.
1.7.1) 'Road accidents claim more lives than murders in Ranchi' Ranchi, February 9
"Road accident statistics are surprising. Youth is the largest casualty of road accidents," said the
Chief Minister during flagging off Run for Safety, which is part of the road safety week
celebrations, here on Saturday.
1.7.2) In Abohar, 8 injured in road accidents Abohar, January 17
Government school teachers Manish and Manjit Singh and latter’s daughter Mandeep Kaur were
hurt as the car they were travelling in to go to Dalmirkhera village collided with another vehicle
due to dense fog on Thursday. Visibility was reduced to less than 10 m on the city bypass here.
The trio was shifted to the civil hospital, but doctors later referred the girl to Faridkot.
1.7.3) Three injured in accident Abohar, February 7
Three persons were injured as a pickup van collided with a car on the Abohar-Malout road on
Thursday afternoon. Two of them were referred to Faridkot as their condition was critical.
Rajinder was driving the pickup van from Bathinda to reach Sriganganagar, while Jaitu residents
11

Jaswinder Singh and Babbal Singh were on the way back from Abohar when the vehicles collided
on the highway. — OC
1.7.4) Medical check-up camp organised for juvenile inmates at Observation
Home Ludhiana, August 3
The District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) organised a medical check-up camp for juvenile
inmates at the Observation Home on Friday. Gurbir Singh, District and Sessions Judge-cum-
Chairman, DLSA, Dr Gurpreet Kaur, CJM-cum-Secretary, DLSA, and Jatinder Pal Singh,
chairman, District Child Welfare Committee, Ludhiana, were also present on the occasion.
1.7.5) Blood donation camp organized Mandi Ahmedgarh, Dec 11
The Malwa Social Club organized a blood donation camp in Cambridge Public School at Chomon
village on Tuesday. As many as 60 volunteers donated blood on the occasion. The camp was
inaugurated by Sant Sukhdev Singh Ber Kalan and Payal MLA Lakhvir Singh Lakha was the
chief guest. Doctors from the Lord Mahavir Civil Hospital.
1.8) Proposed System:-
about Various Vitamin to solve that specific problem
Figure No 1.8.1 Mediquick
MEDIQUICK is a complete medical application which provides different functionality to a user
whenever a user is in any critical situation or when there is a concern about user’s health. A user
is able to find nearby hospitals and medical shops, a problem arise most of the time when a user
is out of town and a medical emergency arises at any time but now a user easily find the hospital
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and get the necessary details of the hospital like contact number etc. Most of the people not able
to arrange blood whenever there is an urgent need because they not able to locate blood banks
and sometimes it takes more time to arrange blood. This application provides you the facility to
save contacts of blood donors and a user is able to find nearby blood banks.
This application also has some features related to individual health like it includes vitamin chart,
calories table and also contains diet chart for men and women. This application also provide Body
Mass Index calculator.
Other functionalities provided by MEDIQUICK are:
 Meditation, this is a need for every person in today’s time where there are lots of problems
and to be in a relaxing state and stress free meditation is very important.
 Emergency First Aid, a type of adviser which tells a user how to deal with problems like
cuts and scrapes, nose bleed and other minor problems etc.
Some more features include Family Doctor, vaccination chart, Medical equipment and medicine
storage.
Figure No 1.8.2 Blood donation module of MEDIQUICK
This diagram shows the working of blood donation module of MEDIQUICK. The main purpose
of blood donation module is to provide urgent blood to patients in no time. So when a user taps
on blood donation button then there are various options for the user:
First, a user is able to find nearby blood banks and hence by doing this user is able to save their
time on finding a blood bank and get the required blood on time.
Second, this application provides the facility to store the details of blood donor and maintains a
proper list of blood donors as the user enters the details of more than one blood donor.
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Figure No 1.8.3 Family doctor module of MEDIQUICK
Having one doctor or doctor's office that serves your entire family can be helpful to both children
and adults. There are many benefits of working with a family practice doctor, which is why they
are gaining in popularity. Choosing the right doctor for your family starts with understanding
what differentiates one doctor from another. Before choosing any doctor, patients should ask
about their training background and certifications.
A user will able to store details of a doctor like specification and qualification of doctor so that
a user will recommend that doctor to their friend and others. The details of particular doctor are
viewed in a proper format and that is in a proper list.
Figure No 1.8.4 BMI Calculator of MEDIQUICK
Body mass index (BMI) is the recommended method for diagnosing overweight and obesity. It
evaluates the relationship between body weight and height. While BMI is not a direct measure
of excess body fat, it expresses the weight-height relationship and provides a more accurate
measure than body weight alone. A user will easily calculate their BMI by entering their weight
and height and the user then able to take the preventive steps related to their heath.
1.9) Unique Features of the System:-
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about Various Vitamin to solve that specific problem. The MediQuick functionality is divided
into a many parts which are given Below:
• Blood Donors
• Meditation
• BMI Calculator
• Calories table
• Vitamin chart
1.9.1)Hospitals Near Me:-
Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark etc. but there is an
application for Android phones which helps people find only the hospitals, clinics and health
service places at and around any particular location, which is indeed a helpful thing when
someone needs to find a health care center around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find
anything through Google maps because of the limited knowledge of the usage where one could
not sort the results in particular. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular
hospitals, clinics and health service places at and around any particular location, which is indeed
a helpful thing when someone needs to find a health care center around the place they are, in
emergency but can’t find anything through Google maps because of the limited knowledge of
the usage where one could not sort the results in particular.
One of the best advantages of this MEDIQUICK application is that you even get to know all the
locations of the dental hospitals, apart from the medical health care centres, and you get the
options to call the phone number given in the listing. i.e. you don’t need to type in the phone
number by noting it down, The application is linked to the Google maps from within its interface,
15

and when you wanted to find the particular hospital and its location on the map, it would take
you to the highest zoom and most of the other landmarks around it are given, making it easier for
you to find the exact location while you are travelling.
In case one has an option to call in case of emergency, the services like Just dial would be helpful
but for those with an internet as option to search, the Hospital Finder application is a lot helpful
where you don’t have to search for the location and hospitals around, where you get the other
listings such as restaurants, pubs, coffee lounges, banks, stations etc. along with the hospitals and
health care centers which you are searching for.
1.9.2)Emergency First Aid:-
First aid is an emergency measure, generally consisting of simple, often life-saving techniques
that most people can train to perform with minimal equipment and no previous medical
experience. The term usually refers to administering care to a human, although it can also be
performed on animals. The Emergency First Aid Features is used to provide detailed information
about the Problems. The various types of problems is mentioned over the app. To prevent from
that problem the YouTube video is there to help you .The Various Types of Problem with the
Prevention are Given below:-
• Cuts and Scraps
• Nosebleed
• Splinters
• Animal Bite and Insect Sting
• Minor Burns
• Headache
• Diabetes
• Electric Shock
• Fever
• Poison
• Sprain and Strain
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1.9.3)Blood Donors:-
at the time of need, Morever we have search online option so that you can find nearby blood bank
easily. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark etc. but there is
an application for Android phones which helps people find only the Blood Banks places at and
around any particular location, which is indeed a helpful thing when someone needs to find a
blood bank around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find anything through Google maps
because of the limited knowledge of the usage where one could not sort the results in particular.
Blood data Bank is aims serving for human welfare. We have all the information, you will ever
need. Many people are here for you, to help you, willing to donate blood for you anytime. We
have done all the job, rest is yours. search the blood group you need. You can help us by
registering on Smart Blood Bank if you are willing to donate your blood when needed. As a
proud member of Smart Blood Bank and a responsible human being, you can help someone in
.9.4)Mediation:-
Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing
their mind on a particular object, thought or activity – to train attention and awareness, and
achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state. Regular aerobic exercise and
meditation are both proven mood boosters, but done together, they’re extra effective at combating
depression. In the first study ever to examine the two therapies in tandem, the combination
approach reduced symptoms of clinical depression by an astounding 40 percent.
To explore alternative, drug-free remedies for major depression, Rutgers University researchers
recruited 52 young adults, 22 of whom were clinically depressed, to try a targeted mental and
physical training program. Twice a week for eight weeks, the students meditated for 30 minutes,
focusing their thoughts inward and paying close attention to their breathing, then hit the treadmill
for 30 minutes immediately afterward. Following each hour-long training session, the researchers
assessed the participants’ emotional states. The Mediation Features provide a brief information
17

related to the Mediation to reduce the work related depression. Their is one YouTube video to
know about the mediation related Exercise.
1.9.4)BMI Calculator:- This calculator computes the body mass index and rates it
appropriately for men, women, children, juveniles and seniors. The SBMI – an index that has
been developed four years ago especially for this calculator – serves for this purpose. It is based
on the results of the most comprehensive study* published so far on the BMI and its associated
health risks.BMI (Body Mass Index) calculator is quite important for human as they can
measure body shape based on individual’s age, mass, height and activity level. The general
formula used in calculating body mass index is BMI= 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔) (ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖 𝑔𝑔ℎ(𝑚𝑚)) 2 . This shows
that BMI is important to determine the body fat percentage among ratios of height and weight.
This program is developed through computer programming. Computer programming is a
process that started from original formulation of a computing problem to executable programs.
The reason for doing programming in this project is to find a sequence of instructions that will
be performing as a specific task will be given.
1.9.5)Vaccination Chart:-
Immunization means protection. The most effective and safe way to protect children from
contagious diseases is by vaccination. Vaccines are considered a breakthrough in preventive
medicine. Vaccines protect your child’s health by preventing them from contracting severe
contagious diseases. Vaccine against Rotavirus Routine vaccines provided for babies and
children
The vaccines currently provided for babies and children at TipatHalav family care centers as part
of the routine vaccination program are:
 Vaccine against Diphtheria-Tetanus-Whooping cough + Haemophilusinfluenzae type
B +
 Vaccine against Measles-Mumps-Rubella (German measles) + Varicella (chicken )
 Vaccine against pneumococcal bacteria [PCV]
 Vaccine against Hepatitis B
 Vaccine against Hepatitis A
18

1.9.6)Medical Store and Equipment Cleaning:-
This App gives brief information about the Medical Store and Equipment Cleaning. This app
will give information about how to store the medicine and tell each and every information about
the medicines and also give brief information about the storage of different medical equipment’s.
1.9.7)Pharmacy Nearby Me:-
Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark etc. but there is an
application for Android phones which helps people find only the Pharmacy service places at and
around any particular location, which is indeed a helpful thing when someone needs to find a
Pharmacy shop around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find anything through Google
particular. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark etc. but there
is an application for Android phones which helps people find only the hospitals, clinics and health
someone needs to find a Pharmacy shop around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find
not sort the results in particular.
1.9.8)Vitamin Chart:-
The Vitamin Chart Features is used to provide detailed information about the Problems. The
various types of Vitamins is mentioned over the app .The Various Types of Problem with the
Vitamins are Given below:-
Vitamin What the Vitamin does Effects of vitamin
deficiency
Good food sources
Vitamin A
(beta
carotene)
Helps to keep eyesight and
promote the growth of healthy
skin, hair, bones and teeth. Helps
in cell reproduction and aids to
strengthen the immune and
reproductive systems. The body
uses beta-carotene and converts it
to vitamin A.
Night blindness, dry
skin, poor bone and
teeth growth and
development.
Soy milk (and other dairy
products)
carrots
spinach
green peas
tomato juice
watermelon
sweet potatoes
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pumpkins
cantaloupe
sunflower seeds
fish liver oils
liver
lean ham
mango
broccoli
lean pork chops
egg yolks
Vitamin B1
(thiamine)
Used by the body to help convert
carbohydrates into energy. Helps
to keep the normal function of the
nervous system, muscles heart and
digestion.
Less concentration,
loss of appetite.
Weakness,
exhaustion and
fatigue.
Lean Pork
Legumes
Yeast
Bananas
Fish (most)
Liver
Nuts and seeds
Potatoes
sweet potatoes
peas
watermelon
avocado
Poultry
Whole-grain and fortified
cereals
Vitamin B2
(riboflavin)
Important for growth in the body.
Assists skin, nails and hair to
grow. Helps to prevent sores and
swelling of mouth and lips. Aids
in reproduction and cell
regeneration. Also aids in the
Itching and irritation
of lips, eyes, skin and
mucous membranes.
Eggs
Fish and shellfish
Fortified cereals
Meat
poultry
Dairy products
Kiwi
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releasing of energy from
carbohydrates.
Avocado
Broccoli
turnip greens
asparagus
spinach
Vitamin C
(ascorbic acid)
Important in the production of
collagen in the body - helps the
connective tissues and organs.
Can act as an anti oxidant to help
protect the body from free radical.
Scurvy (though
rarely seen today)
which causes
bleeding and
inflamed gums, loose
teeth and poor
wound healing.
citrus fruits (oranges,
grapefruits, lemons, limes)
berries
melons
tomatoes
potatoes
green peppers
leafy green vegetables
Vitamin D Helps to promote the absorption
of calcium and phosphorus levels
in the body. Helps to maintain and
form strong and healthy bones.
Rickets and
osteomalacia.
Rickets results in soft
bones and skeletal
deformities
Liver
High-fat fish
Fish oils
Egg yolk
Fortified cereals
Fortified milk
Sunlight
Vitamin E An antioxidant that protects your
cells against the effects of free
radicals, which are potentially
damaging by-products of energy
metabolism.
Intestinal disorders -
cystic fibrosis,
pancreatitis, and
cholestasis. Prevent
the absorption of
dietary fats and fat-
soluble nutrients.
Margarine
Nuts and seeds
Peanuts and peanut butter
Vegetable oils
Wheat germ
Whole-grain and fortified
cereals
Vitamin K Helps to control blood clotting in
the body and is essential for
A shortage of this
vitamin may result in
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
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synthesizing the liver protein that
controls the clotting
nosebleeds, internal
haemorrhaging.
Cabbage
Leafy green vegetables
Mayonnaise
Soybean
Canola
Olive oils
22

CHAPTER-2
Requirement Analysis and System Specification
2.1 Feasibility study (Technical, Economical, and Operational):-
2.1.1) Feasibility Study:-
After doing the e-learning study and analysis all the existing required functionalities of the
system the next task is to do the feasibility study for the project. My project is feasible given
limited resources feasibility studies include consideration of all the possible ways to provide a
solution of the given problem. The proposed solution should satisfy all the users, requirements
and should be flexible enough so that further changes can be done based on the future upcoming
requirements. Whether a project is viable or not, i.e. whether it can generate an equal or a higher
rate of return during its lifetime requires a thorough investigation of the investment per se as well
as the level of current expenditure. The preliminary design is the simple description of the
conceived idea with an indication of the main factors to be considered in the study.
2.1.2) ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:-
This is a very important aspect to be considered while developing a project. I decided the
technology based on minimum possible cost factor. As the software and hardware that I have
used for my project is affordable which make my project economically feasible. In the future
changes can be easily done based on the future upcoming requirements.
2.1.3) TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:-
This included the study of function, performance and constrain that may affect the ability to
achieve an acceptable system. For this feasibility study, I Study complete functionality to be
provided in the system, as described in the System requirements.
2.1.4) OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:-
No doubt the proposed system is fully GUI based that is very user friendly and all the inputs are
taken self-explanatory even to a ley-man beside a proper training has been conducted to let know
the endurance of system to the users so that they feel comfortable with new system. As far our
study in concerned the clients are comfortable and happy as the system has cut their loads and
doing, as my project is flexible due to the clashes available in the system.
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After doing the study and analysis all the existing required functionalities of the system the next
task is to do the feasibility study for the project. My project is feasible given limited resources
feasibility studies include consideration of all the possible ways to provide a solution of the given
problem. The proposed solution should satisfy all the users, requirements and should be flexible
enough so that further changes can be done based on the future upcoming required.
2.2) Software Requirement Specification Document:-
A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is a document that describes the nature of a
project, software or application. In simple words, SRS document is a manual of a project
provided it is prepared before you kick-start a project/application. This document is also known
by the names SRS report, software document. A software document is primarily prepared for a
project, software or any kind of application.
There are a set of guidelines to be followed while preparing the software requirement
specification document. This includes the purpose, scope, functional and non-functional
requirements, software and hardware requirements of the project. In addition to this, it also
contains the information about environmental conditions required, safety and security
requirements, software quality attributes of the project etc.
2.2.1) Data Requirement:- Data requirements are prescribed directives or consensual
agreements that define the content and/or structure that constitute high quality data instances and
values. Data requirements can thereby be stated by several different individuals or groups of
individuals. The data requirement of Mediquick app is to know each and every detail of vitamin
and vaccination chart and BMI Calculator .It requires a data for emergency first aid. The
application requirement is to collect all the data which is used to make that app.
2.2.2) Functional Requirement:-The Functional Requirement of this app are given below:-
1) Nearby Hospitals:- One of the best advantages of this MEDIQUICK application is that you
even get to know all the locations of the dental hospitals, apart from the medical health care
2.)Nearby Pharmacy:- Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark
etc. but there is an application for Android phones which helps people find only the Pharmacy
someone needs to find a Pharmacy shop around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find
24

not sort the results in particular. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular
hospitals, clinics and health service places at and around any particular location, which is indeed
a helpful thing when someone needs to find a Pharmacy shop around the place they are, in
emergency but can’t find anything through Google maps because of the limited knowledge of the
usage where one could not sort the results in particular.
3.) Blood Donors:-
at the time of need, Moreover we have search online option so that you can find nearby blood
bank easily. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular landmark etc. but
there is an application for Android phones which helps people find only the Blood Banks places
at and around any particular location, which is indeed a helpful thing when someone needs to
find a blood bank around the place they are, in emergency but can’t find anything through Google
particular. Blood data Bank is aims serving for human welfare. We have all the information, you
will ever need. Many people are here for you, to help you, willing to donate blood for you
anytime. We have done all the job, rest is yours. search the blood group you need. You can help
us by registering on Smart Blood Bank if you are willing to donate your blood when needed. As
a proud member of Smart Blood Bank and a responsible human being, you can help someone in
4.) Meditation
5.) Vaccination Chart
6.) BMI Calculator
7.) Emergency First Aid
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2.2.3) Performance Requirement:-
The only way in which systems will meet their performance targets is for them to be specified
clearly and unambiguously. It is a simple fact that if performance is not a stated criterion of the
system requirements then the system designers will generally not consider performance issues.
While loose or incorrectly defined performance specifications can lead to disputes between
clients and suppliers. In many cases performance requirements are never ridged as system that
does not fully meet its defined performance requirements may still be released as other
consideration such as time to market.
2.2.4) Dependability Requirement:-It is measure system's availability, reliability, and
its maintainability, and maintenance support performance, and, in some cases, other
characteristics such as durability, safety and security. In software engineering, dependability is
the ability to provide services that can defensibly be trusted within a time-period. This may also
encompass mechanisms designed to increase and maintain the dependability of a system or
software.
2.2.5) Maintainability Requirement:-Maintainability is the ability of the application to go
through changes with a fair degree of effortlessness. This attribute is the flexibility with which
the application can be modified, for fixing issues, or to add new functionality with a degree of
ease. These changes could impact components, services, functionality, and interfaces when
modifying for fixing issues, or to meet future demands. Maintainability has a direct baring on the
the time it takes to restore the application to normal status following a failure or an upgrade.
Enlightened maintainability attributes will enhance availability and reduce runtime defects.
2.2.6) Security Requirement:- A functional security requirement is something that describes
functional behaviour that enforces security. ... Requirements that have things to do with access
control, data integrity, authentication, and wrong password lockouts fall under functional
requirements. Non-functional requirements describe what a system has to be.
2.2.7)Look and Feel Requirement:-
The look and feel requirements describe the intended spirit, the mood, or the style of the product's
appearance. These requirements specify the intention of the appearance, and are not a detailed
design of an interface. For example, suppose you have a look and feel requirement like this:
This requirement does not say the company logo must be prominent, nor does it talk about the
colors to be used. It simply states that the product must comply with whatever branding standards
your organization has. These standards are published else where your own organization has a
26

department or group responsible for these standards and the designer has access to them. The fit
criterion, when you add it, measures compliance with the standards.
Consider the look and feel requirements that you might build into your next product. Among
other appearances appropriate for your product, you might want it to have the following
characteristics:
 Apparently simple to use
 Approachable, so that people do not hesitate to use it
 Authoritative, so that users feel they can rely on it and trust it
 Conforming to the client's other products
 Attractive to children or some other specific group
 Unobtrusive, so that people are not aware of it
 Innovative and appearing to be state of the art
 Professional looking
 Exciting
2.3) Validation:-The process of evaluating software during the development process or at the
end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies specified business requirements.
Validation Testing ensures that the product actually meets the client's needs. It can also be
defined as to demonstrate that the product fulfils its intended use when deployed on application
environment.
Figure No 2.3.4 Validation
2.4) Expected Hurdles:- In Med quick app some hurdles will be come in future like If
anybody want to know to directly call the hospital then the problem will occur in a app to
overcome this hurdle I will surely do my best. If anybody to grab the more knowledge then the
27

knowledge is not enough for us. To overcome this problem I will surely update the data
according to the basics and need of the app.
2.5 )SDLC model to be used:-
2.5.1) Iterative Waterfall Model:-
The model that is followed is the Iterative Waterfall Model, which states that the states are
organized in a linear order and reverse action can be performed on no satisfaction or acceptance
or adding new things from each step to each step. In this model the sequence of activities
performed in the proposed project are:-
 Requirements.
 System Analysis.
 Design.
 Coding.
 Testing.
 Deployment and maintenance.
Figure 2.5.1 Iterative Waterfall Model
 PLANNING OF WORK
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• Analysis and Feasibility Study
• Software Analysis and Technical Feasibility:
• The software will be made by using the ASP.NET Concepts and SQL server.
• Schedule Feasibility.
• Proposed suited time for making the forms can be approximate 2.5 months. The schedule is
divided into 10 weeks as following:-
• 1st
week: Layout of user interface.
• 2nd
week: Developing Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and designing various business logics.
• 3rd
week: Developing User interface.
• 4th
-7th
week: Applying Business logic to develop code the project. (Coding)
• 8th
week: Design of database and connectivity and work on the presentation layer to make the
project attractive.
• 9th
week: Testing of the project with many techniques like unit testing, integration testing and
system testing.
• 10th
week: Documentation.
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CHAPTER NO-3
System Design
3.1) Design Approach (Function oriented or Object oriented)
Software design is a process to conceptualize the software requirements into software
implementation. Software design takes the user requirements as challenges and tries to find
optimum solution. While the software is being conceptualized, a plan is chalked out to find the
best possible design for implementing the intended solution.There are multiple variants of
software design. Let us study them briefly:
3.1.1)StructuredDesign
Structured design is a conceptualization of problem into several well-organized elements of
solution. It is basically concerned with the solution design. Benefit of structured design is, it
gives better understanding of how the problem is being solved. Structured design also makes it
simpler for designer to concentrate on the problem more accurately.
Structured design is mostly based on ‘divide and conquer’ strategy where a problem is broken
into several small problems and each small problem is individually solved until the whole
problem is solved.
The small pieces of problem are solved by means of solution modules. Structured design
emphasis that these modules be well organized in order to achieve precise solution.
These modules are arranged in hierarchy. They communicate with each other. A good structured
design always follows some rules for communication among multiple modules, namely -
• Cohesion - grouping of all functionally related elements.
• Coupling - communication between different modules.
A good structured design has high cohesion and low coupling arrangements.
3.1.2)FunctionOrientedDesign
In function-oriented design, the system is comprised of many smaller sub-systems known as
functions. These functions are capable of performing significant task in the system. The system
is considered as top view of all functions.
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Function oriented design inherits some properties of structured design where divide and conquer
methodology is used.
This design mechanism divides the whole system into smaller functions, which provides means
of abstraction by concealing the information and their operation.. These functional modules can
share information among themselves by means of information passing and using information
available globally.
Another characteristic of functions is that when a program calls a function, the function changes
the state of the program, which sometimes is not acceptable by other modules. Function oriented
design works well where the system state does not matter and program/functions work on input
rather than on a state.
3.1.3)Design Process
• The whole system is seen as how data flows in the system by means of data flow diagram.
• DFD depicts how changes data and state of entire system functions.
• The entire system is logically broken down into smaller units known as functions on the
basis of their operation in the system.
• Each function is then described at large.
3.2) Detailed Design:-
Detailed design follows a process which entails conceptual design, embodiment design and detail
design and, when performed professionally, eventually results in a well-designed solution.
Conceptual design is Phase One of detailed design and engineering in which drawings are the
main output. The drawings produced are often quite simple ideas with little detail, but the aim of
the conceptual phase is to commit ideas to paper.
The Embodiment phase of the detailed design and engineering process starts with the concept
and develops it into a workable system that can be further developed. During this phase,
engineers will typically follow a framework of clarity, simplicity and safety in achieving the
design goal.
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Detailed design is the phase where the design is refined and plans, specifications and estimates
are created. Detailed design will include outputs such as 2D and 3D models, P & ID’s, cost build
up estimates, procurement plans etc. This phase is where the full cost of the project is identified.
Detailed design ensures that the overall design solution satisfies the projects objective. Often the
breadth of scope is so vast that no single manager, engineer, operator or scientist has the
knowledge to provide the overall detailed design and engineering solution.
If the goal of a project included the need to generate energy, a mechanical design engineers input
may be to recommend a piston or turbine. An electrical design engineers input maybe to
recommend a generator or solar power and a chemical design engineer’s recommendation maybe
to include a reaction which would provide exothermic or endothermic energy dependent on the
need. Obviously not all types of energy creation would be suitable for every project. In this
example, as in many other instances, it is therefore necessary for all elements of the problem to
be considered and the most suitable decided upon during the build up of the detailed design and
engineering solution.
For successful detailed design and engineering, there is often the need for someone to take control
of the various stakeholders and manage them. Often a project manager will be appointed to bring
all the interested parties together and work towards a common goal which will result in a full
detailed design and engineering solution.
There are many frameworks that engineers will adopt in reaching the detailed design and
engineering phase of a project. In essence each of them takes the idea or concept that solves a
problem from a coarse and rough plan/ design to one that is fine and detailed and solves the
problem.
The skill of detailed design is to estimate what it is you think is reasonably required and refine
and refine to ensure that the plan you settle with fits the bill.
3.3) System Design :-
In Software engineering DFD(data flow diagram) can be drawn to represent the system of
different levels of abstraction. Higher level DFDs are partitioned into low levels-hacking more
information and functional elements. Levels in DFD are numbered 0, 1, 2 or beyond. Here, we
will see mainly 3 levels in data flow diagram, which are: 0-level DFD, 1-level DFD, and 2-level
DFD.
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3.3.1)0 Level DFD:-It is also known as context diagram. It’s designed to be an abstraction view,
showing the system as a single process with its relationship to external entities. It represent the
entire system as single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming/outgoing arrows.
Figure No 3.3.1 0 level DFD
3.3.2)1 Level DFD:-
In 1-level DFD, context diagram is decomposed into multiple bubbles/processes.in this level we
highlight the main functions of the system and breakdown the high level process of 0-level DFD
into sub processes.
Figure No 3.3.2 1 Level DFD
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3.3.3) Data Dictionary:-
A Data Dictionary is a collection of names, definitions, and attributes about data elements that
are being used or captured in a database, information system, or part of a research project. It
describes the meanings and purposes of data elements within the context of a project, and
provides guidance on interpretation, accepted meanings and representation. A Data Dictionary
also provides metadata about data elements. The metadata included in a Data Dictionary can
assist in defining the scope and characteristics of data elements, as well the rules for their usage
and application.
Data Dictionaries are useful for a number of reasons. In short, they:
• Assist in avoiding data inconsistencies across a project.
• Help define conventions that are to be used across a project.
• Provide consistency in the collection and use of data across multiple members of a research
team.
• Make data easier to analyse.
• Enforce the use of Data Standards
• Data Standards are rules that govern the way data are collected, recorded, and
represented. Standards provide a commonly understood reference for the interpretation
and use of data sets.
• By using standards, researchers in the same disciplines will know that the way their data
are being collected and described will be the same across different projects. Using Data
Standards as part of a well-crafted Data Dictionary can help increase the usability of your
research data, and will ensure that data will be recognizable and usable beyond the
immediate research team.
Figure No 3.3.3:-Data Dictionary
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3.3.4) Structure Chart Its represent hierarchical structure of modules. It breaks down the entire
system into lowest functional modules, describe functions and sub-functions of each module of
a system to a greater detail. Structure Chart partitions the system into black boxes (functionality
of the system is known to the users but inner details are unknown). Inputs are given to the black
boxes and appropriate outputs are generated.
Modules at top level called modules at low level. Components are read from top to bottom and
left to right. When a module calls another, it views the called module as black box, passing
3.3.5) Flow Charts:-
Figure No 3.3.5.1:Flow Chart
Second, this application provides the facility to store the details of blood donor and maintains
a proper list of blood donors as the user enters the details of more than one blood donor.
35

Family doctor module of MEDIQUICK
3.4)User Interface Design:-
User interface is the front-end application view to which user interacts in order to use the
software. User can manipulate and control the software as well as hardware by means of user
interface. Today, user interface is found at almost every place where digital technology exists,
right from computers, mobile phones, cars, music players, airplanes, ships etc.
User interface is part of software and is designed such a way that it is expected to provide the
user insight of the software. UI provides fundamental platform for human-computer interaction.
The software becomes more popular if its user interface is:
• Attractive
• Simple to use
• Responsive in short time
• Clear to understand
• Consistent on all interfacing screens
UI is broadly divided into two categories:
• Command Line Interface
• Graphical User Interface
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Figure No 3.4.1 User Interface Design
Figure No 3.4.2 User Interface Design
3.5)Database Design:-
Database management systems are important to businesses and organizations because they
provide a highly efficient method for handling multiple types of data. Some of the data that are
easily managed with this type of system include: employee records, student information, payroll,
accounting, project management, inventory and library books. These systems are built to be
extremely versatile.A table is a collection of related data held in a table format within a database.
37

It consists of columns, and rows.There is a use of database in MEDIQUICK application. First,
to store the details of blood donor and Second, to store the details of family doctor .Hence this
application includes two tables:
a) Blood donor
b) Family Doctor
a) Blood donor table
Figure No 3.5.1 Blood Donor Table
b) Family Doctor table
Figure No 3.5.2 Family Doctor Table
This is the structure of family doctor table which includes different fields like name of the doctor,
specification and qualification of doctor etc.
3.5.1) ER Diagrams:-
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Figure No 3.5.1 ER Diagrams
3.5.2) Normalization:-
Normalization is a database design technique which organizes tables in a manner that reduces
redundancy and dependency of data.It divides larger tables to smaller tables and links them using
relationships.
The inventor of the relational model Edgar Codd proposed the theory of normalization with the
introduction of First Normal Form, and he continued to extend theory with Second and Third
Normal Form. Later he joined with Raymond F. Boyce to develop the theory of Boyce-Codd
Normal Form.
Theory of Data Normalization in SQL is still being developed further. For example, there are
discussions even on 6th
Normal Form. However, in most practical applications, normalization
achieves its best in 3rd
Normal Form. The evolution of Normalization theories is illustrated
below-
Figure No 3.5.2: Normalization
3.5.3 ) Database Connection Controls and Strings A database management system is
important because it manages data efficiently and allows users to perform multiple tasks with
ease. A database management system stores, organizes and manages a large amount of
information within a single software application. Use of this system increases efficiency of
business operations and reduces overall costs.Database management systems are important to
39

businesses and organizations because they provide a highly efficient method for handling
multiple types of data. Some of the data that are easily managed with this type of system include:
employee records, student information, payroll, accounting, project management, inventory and
library books. These systems are built to be extremely versatile.
A table is a collection of related data held in a table format within a database. It consists
of columns, and rows.
In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a
model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit
where a row and column intersect. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any
number of rows. Each row is identified by one or more values appearing in a particular column
subset. A specific choice of columns which uniquely identify rows is called the primary key.
"Table" is another term for "relation"; although there is the difference in that a table is usually
a multiset (bag) of rows where a relation is a set and does not allow duplicates. Besides the actual
data rows, tables generally have associated with them some metadata, such as constraints on the
table or on the values within particular columns.
There is a use of database in MEDIQUICK application. First, to store the details of blood donor
and Second, to store the details of family doctor .Hence this application includes two tables:
c) Blood donor
d) Family Doctor
1.)Blood donor table
3.5.3.1)Structure of blood donor table
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This is the structure of blood donor table which includes different fields like name of the blood
donor, age and gender of blood donor etc. Every field has its own type that depicts which type
of data a user is able to store in table or in a particular field. Various fields of table are:
• NAME:
Here the name of the blood donor is stored and it is of type TEXT and this field should
not be null it means user have to fill this field.
• GENDER:
This field may be considered important in some cases. However, the researchers
speculated that changes that occur in a woman's immune system during
pregnancy could play a role. Previous studies suggested that men who
receive blood transfusions from women are at higher risk of death than men who receive
transfusions from male donors.
• BLOODGROUP:
This is very essential field because this field stores the blood group of a blood donor on
which this whole module is working on. This field should not be null.
• AGE:
Here a user enters the age of a blood donor, somehow this factor also play some role in
blood donation. NHS bosses said that increasing health and fitness levels among older
people meant they should be allowed to keep donating blood. ... Past the age of 65 donors
must have giving at least once before to keep donating, and past the age of
70 have donated at least once in the previous two years.
• PHONENUMBER:
This is one of the most important field through which a user is able to contact with a
blood donor at any time when there is an urgent need of blood. This field contains data
in TEXT format and the main thing to be viewed is the PRIMARY KEY attached to this
field. The main role of primary key is to remove the redundancy of data so that a user is
able to distinguish between blood donors.
c) Family Doctor table
41

Figure No 3.5.3.2: Family Doctor Table
Structure of family doctor table
specification and qualification of doctor etc. Various fields in family doctor table are:
• NAME:
Here the name of the doctor is stored and it is of type TEXT and this field should not be
null it means user have to fill this field.
• DQUALIFICATION:
This field tells how much a doctor is qualified. In many jurisdictions, individuals require
a medical degree to register for a license and legally practice. This is known as a primary
medical qualification or the primary qualification. Such degrees include:
 Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, BMBS, MBChB, MBBCh)
 Doctor of Medicine (MD, Dr.MuD, Dr.Med)
 Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
• DSPECIFICATION:
This is very essential field because this field depicts the speciality of a doctor. As we
know there are different types of doctor like some are heart specialist, some are bone
specialist and some are like child specialist also.
• DADDRESS:
Here the address of doctor’s home or clinic is stored so that whenever there is an
emergency a user will able to reach the doctor at its given address.
• DPHONE:
doctor at any time. This field contains data in TEXT format and the main thing to be
42

viewed is the PRIMARY KEY attached to this field. The main role of primary key is to
remove the redundancy of data.
3.6 Methodology of system (How you would implement the system )
The spiral model is similar to the incremental model, with more emphasis placed on risk analysis.
The spiral model has four phases: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. A
software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations (called Spirals in this
model). The baseline spiral, starting in the planning phase, requirements is gathered and risk is
assessed. Each subsequent spiral builds on the baseline spiral. It’s one of the software
development models like Waterfall, V-Model.
Phases of Spiral Model: -
♣ Planning Phase: Requirements are gathered during the planning phase. Requirements like
‘BRS’ that is ‘Business Requirement Specifications’ and ‘SRS’ that is ‘System Requirement
specifications’.
♣ Risk Analysis: In the risk analysis phase, a process is undertaken to identify risk and alternate
solutions. A prototype is produced at the end of the risk analysis phase. If any risk is found
during the risk analysis then alternate solutions are suggested and implemented.
♣ Engineering Phase: In this phase software is developed, along with testing at the end of the
phase. Hence in this phase the development and testing is done.
♣ Evaluation phase: This phase allows the customer to evaluate the output of the project to
date before the project continues to the next spiral.
43

Figure No 3.6.1: - Architecture of Spiral model
Advantages of Spiral model:
• High amount of risk analysis hence, avoidance of Risk is enhanced.
• Good for large and mission-critical projects.
• Strong approval and documentation control.
• Additional Functionality can be added at a later date.
• Software is produced early in the software life cycle.
Disadvantages of Spiral model:
• Can be a costly model to use.
• Risk analysis requires highly specific expertise.
• Project’s success is highly dependent on the risk analysis phase.
• Doesn’t work well for smaller projects.
44

When to use Spiral model:
• When costs and risk evaluation is important
• For medium to high-risk projects
• Long-term project commitment unwise because of potential changes to economic
priorities
• Users are unsure of their needs
• Requirements are complex
• New product line
• Significant changes are expected (research and exploration)
45

Chapter 4
Implementation, Testing and Maintenance
4.1)Introduction to Languages, IDE’s, Tools and Technologies used for
Implementation
4.1.1) ANDROID: Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile
devices such as smart phones and tablet computers, notebooks was developed by Google and
later the OHA (Open Handset Alliances) and other companies.
OHA is a consortium of 84 companies such as Google, Samsung, eBay, Intel, Synaptics etc. It
was established on 5th November, 2007, led by Google.
4.1.2 Features of Android :
Figure No 4.1.1 Features Of Android
46

4.1.3)Android Applications:
Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android SDK
(Software Development Kit). Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in
more than 190 countries around the world. It's the largest installed base of any mobile
platform and growing fast. Every day more than 1 million new Android devices are
activated worldwide Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and
sold out either through a store such as Google Play, Opera Mobile Store, and the Amazon
Appstore.
4.1.4) Android Development Tools:
All the required tools to develop Android applications are open source and can be downloaded
from the Web. Following is the list of software's you will need before you start your Android
application programming.
• Java JDK5 or later version
• Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 6
• Android Studio
4.1.6)Android Studio:-
Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Android platform
development. It was in early access preview stage starting from version 0.1 in May 2013, then
entered beta stage starting from version 0.8 which was released in June 2014. The first stable
build was released in December 2014, starting from version 1.0.
4.1.7)System Requirements:-
• Microsoft® Windows® 10/8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit).
• Mac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)
• Linux
47

4.1.8)SQL Lite:-
Figure No 4.1.8 SQL Lite
SQLite is a relational database management system contained in a small (~275 kB) C
programming library. In contrast to other database management systems, SQLite is not a separate
process that is accessed from the client application, but an integral part of it.SQLite is ACID-
compliant and implements most of the SQL standard, using a dynamically and weakly typed SQL
syntax that does not guarantee the domain integrity.
SQLite is a popular choice as embedded database for local/client storage in application software
such as web browsers. It is arguably the most widely deployed database engine, as it is used today
by several widespread browsers, operating systems, and embedded systems, among
others.SQLite has many bindings to programming languages. The source code for SQLite is in
the public domain.
4.1.8.1)DESIGN:-
Unlike client–server database management systems, the SQLite engine has no standalone
processes with which the application program communicates. Instead, the SQLite library is
linked in and thus becomes an integral part of the application program. The library can also be
called dynamically. The application program uses SQLite's functionality through simple function
calls, which reduce latency in database access: function calls within a single process are more
efficient than inter-process communication. SQLite stores the entire database (definitions, tables,
indices, and the data itself) as a single cross-platform file on a host machine. It implements this
simple design by locking the entire database file during writing. SQLite read operations can be
multitasked, though writes can only be performed sequentially.
48

4.1.8.2) FEATURE:-
SQLite implements most of the SQL-92 standard for SQL but it lacks some features. For example
it has partial support for triggers, and it can't write to views (however it supports INSTEAD OF
triggers that provide this functionality). While it supports complex queries, it still has limited
ALTER TABLE support, as it can't modify or delete columns.
SQLite uses an unusual type system for a SQL-compatible DBMS. Instead of assigning a type to
a column as in most SQL database systems, types are assigned to individual values; in language
terms it is dynamically typed. Moreover, it is weakly typed in some of the same ways that Perl
is: one can insert a string into an integer column (although SQLite will try to convert the string
to an integer first, if the column's preferred type is integer). This adds flexibility to columns,
especially when bound to a dynamically typed scripting language. However, the technique is not
portable to other SQL products. A common criticism is that SQLite's type system lacks the data
integrity mechanism provided by statically typed columns in other products. The SQLite web
site describes a "strict affinity" mode, but this feature has not yet been added. However, it can be
implemented with constraints like CHECK (typeof(x)='integer').
Several computer processes or threads may access the same database concurrently. Several read
accesses can be satisfied in parallel. A write access can only be satisfied if no other accesses are
currently being serviced. Otherwise, the write access fails with an error code (or can
automatically be retried until a configurable timeout expires). This concurrent access situation
would change when dealing with temporary tables. This restriction is relaxed in version 3.7 when
WAL is turned on enabling concurrent reads and writes.
A standalone program called sqlite3 is provided that can be used to create a database, define
tables within it, insert and change rows, run queries and manage a SQLite database file. This
program is a single executable file on the host machine.
4.1.9)XML :-
XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. XML is a markup language much
like HTML used to describe data. XML tags are not predefined in XML. We must define our
49

own Tags. Xml as itself is well readable both by human and machine. Also, it is scalable and
simple to develop. In Android we use xml for designing our layouts because xml is lightweight
language so it doesn’t make our layout heavy.
The whole concept of Android User Interface is defined using the hierarchy of View and
ViewGroup objects. A ViewGroup is an invisible container that organizes child views. These
child views are other widgets which are used to make the different parts of UI. One ViewGroup
can have another ViewGroup as an child element as shown in the figure given below:
Figure No 4.1.9 XML
4.1.10)XML-Elements
An xml file consist of many components. Here is the table defining the components of an XML
file and their description.
Sr.No Component & description
1 Prolog
An XML file starts with a prolog. The first line that contains the information about
a file is prolog
2 Events
An XML file has many events. Event could be like this. Document starts ,
Document ends, Tag start , Tag end and Text e.t.c
50

3 Text
Apart from tags and events, and xml file also contains simple text. Such as GB is
a text in the country tag.
4 Attributes
4.1.11Java:-
Java is a popular programming language, created in 1995.It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3
billion devices run Java It is used for:
• Mobile applications (specially Android apps)
• Desktop applications
• Web applications
• Web servers and application servers
• Games
• Database connection
4.1.12) Uses of Java:-
• Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
• It is one of the most popular programming language in the world
• It is easy to learn and simple to use
• It is open-source and free
• It is secure, fast and powerful
• It has a huge community support (tens of millions of developers)
4.12)Features of Java:-The primary objective of Java programming language creation
was to make it portable, simple and secure programming language. Apart from this, there are
also some excellent features which play an important role in the popularity of this language.
The features of Java are also known as java buzzwords. A list of most important features of
Java language is given below.
51

Figure No 4.12 Features Of Java
1. Object-Oriented
2. Portable
3. Platform independent
4. Secured
5. Robust
6. Architecture neutral
7. Interpreted
8. High Performance
9. Multithreaded
10. Distributed
11. Dynamic
52

4.2) Coding standards of Language used
The company coding standard is what developers are expected to follow within the company,
whereas the coding standard for a programming language is what the programming
language developers recommend all programmers should follow. In some languages, indentation
is used by the compiler to identify the scope of functions.Follow the naming conventions
provided by java coding standards. Standard Naming conventions:
 Class name, Interface – First letter capital other small, changing keyword capital and
other small. E.g. ClientInfo, Customer, MyClas
 Variable name, package name and function name should start with initial small letter and
should have a capital letter when a changing keyword comes. A package name does not
contain any capital letter. E.g.
 myNote, myVariable => variable name conventions
 com.application.xyz => package name conventions
 myFunction() => function name conventions
 A constant should be defined in all capital letters. It can contain _(underscore) for
changing name if needed. e.g., MYCONSTANT or MY_CONSTANT,
INTENT_VIEW_NOTE
 Each and every function should be commented properly so that one can easily understand
why the function was created. Further, a function comment should have each and every
parameter explanation and return type explanation used in it.
 A function, variable and/or constant should be defined when it needs to be used during
the code implementation. There should not be any unused function, variable or Constants
in the code as it unnecessarily occupies memory at compile time. It means that the objects
or variables should be created as and when needed and should be destroyed explicitly
after it is no longer to be used.
 Each block of code must be surrounded by try-catch block so that the application does
not crash whenever any unexpected exception event occurs. Further, it should also have
the finally block of code if anything needs to be executed irrespective of the block of code
executes successfully or not. For ex, It is better to release memory in the finally block
which is occupied in the block.
53

 In Android, any in-built function writes “// TODO Auto-generated” block which should
be replaced by code implementation. i.e., there should not be any such default commented
block unless and until there is some coding pending from developer side knowingly. This
means that the block is given for let the developers know that the implementation of the
block is pending.
 There has to be separate packages for Activities, Constant Data and Class Data Objects
for the application. Also, it is a good practice to divide Activity classes based on the
module they fall in.
 Each and every resource used in the application must be defined in the “res” folder of the
application. E.g.
 If we need to use a string value in the application, it should be defined in the “strings.xml”
file of the “res/values” folder.
 If we need to use any color to be used in the application, it should be defined in the
“colors.xml” file in the “res/values” folder.
 If we need to use static array to be used in the application, it should be defined in the
“arrays.xml” file in the “res/values” folder.
 If we need to use static dimension to be used in the application, it should be defined in
the “dimens.xml” file in the “res/values” folder.
 If we need to use specific style for controls used in the application, it should be defined
in “styles.xml” and the corresponding control theme should be defined in “themes.xml”
file in the “res/values” folder
 Progress Dialog should be used wherever there is some heavy processing or network
operation running as it shows that there is process running currently and it would keep
the user informed about the same.
 Use multithreading and Handler wherever required to keep the device processor memory
managed. There is a replacement of thread concept with AsyncTask when there is some
UI rendering operation to be performed before and/or after the heavy processing and the
heavy processing business logic should be implemented in overridden doInBackground()
method of AsyncTask.
54

 If the code is too long to be implemented or it is to be used for multiple times at different
conditions in the Activity or application, it should be taken into a function for easy
interpretation and understanding and compile time memory utilization.
 Release the memory explicitly in the “onDestroy()” method of an Activity by making
each global variable null.
4.3)Testing Techniques:-
4.3.1)UNIT TESTING:-
The primary goal of unit testing is to take the smallest piece of testable part in the
application, isolate it from the remainder of the code and determine whether it behaves
exactly as you expect. Each unit is tested separately before integrating them into modules to
test the interfaces between modules.
4.3.2)SYSTEM TESTING:-
System testing is black box testing, performed by the test team, and at the start of the system
testing, the complete system is configured in a controlled environment. The purpose of
system testing is to validate an application's accuracy and completeness in performing the
functions as designed. System testing is deemed complete when actual results and expected
results are either in line or differences are explainable or acceptable, based on client input.
4.3.3) FUNCTIONAL TESTING:-
The Functional Testing is a quality assurance process and a type of black-box testing that bases
its test cases on the specifications of the software component under test. Functions are tested by
feeding them input and examining the output. and internal program structure is rarely considered
(unlike white-box testing). Functional testing usually describes what the system does. Functional
testing does not imply that you are testing a function (method) of your module or class.
Functional testing tests a slice of functionality of the whole system. Functional testing differs
from system testing in that functional testing "verifies a program by checking it against design
document(s) or specification(s)", while system testing "validate a program by checking it against
the published user or system requirements".
4.3.4)STRUCTURAL TESTING:-
55

Structural testing is the type of testing carried out to test the structure of code. It is also known
as White Box testing or Glass Box testing. This type of testing requires knowledge of the code,
so, it is mostly done by the developers. It is more concerned with how system does it rather than
the functionality of the system. It provides more coverage to the testing. For ex, to test certain
error message in an application, we need to test the trigger condition for it, but there must be
many trigger for it. It is possible to miss out one while testing the requirements drafted in SRS.
But using this testing, the trigger is most likely to be covered since structural testing aims to
cover all the nodes and paths in the structure of code.
4.3.5) INTEGRATION TESTING:-
Integration Testing is a level of software testing where individual units are combined and tested
as a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between
integrated units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration Testing.
• Integration testing: Testing performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in
the interactions between integrated components or systems.
• Component integration testing: Testing performed to expose defects in the
interfaces and
Interaction between integrated components.
• System integration testing: Testing the integration of systems and packages;
testing interfaces to external organizations (e.g. Electronic Data Interchange,
Internet).
4.3.6)DEBUGGING:-
Debugging is a cycle of detection, location, repair and test. Debugging is a hypothesis testing
process. When a bug is detected, the tester must form a hypothesis about the cause and location
of the bug. Further examination of the execution of the program (possible including many
returns of it) will usually take place to confirm the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is demonstrated
to be incorrect, a new hypothesis must be formed. Debugging tools that show the state of the
program are useful for this, but inserting print statements is often the only approach.
Experienced debuggers use their knowledge of common and/or obscure bugs to facilitate the
hypothesis testing process. After fixing a bug, the system must be reset to ensure that the fix has
56

worked and that no other bugs have been introduced. This is called regression testing. In
principle, all tests should be performed again but this is often too expensive to do.
57

Chapter 5
Results and Discussions
5.1 )User Interface Representation (Of Respective Project:-
Figure No 5.1.1 Icon of Mediquick
Figure No 5.1.2 : Main Menu
58

5.1.1 Brief Description of Various Modules of the system
1.) Emergency First Aid:- First aid is an emergency measure, generally consisting of simple,
often life-saving techniques that most people can train to perform with minimal equipment and
no previous medical experience. The term usually refers to administering care to a human,
although it can also be performed on animals. The Emergency First Aid Features is used to
provide detailed information about the Problems. The various types of problems is mentioned
over the app
2.) Hospitals Near Me:- One of the best advantages of this MEDIQUICK application is that you
even get to know all the locations of the dental hospitals, apart from the medical health care
3.) Blood Donors:- The Blood data Bank helps you to store blood group of your known ones
and this can be helpful at the time of need, Morever we have search online option so that you can
find nearby blood bank easily. Google maps is there for any particular location, any particular
landmark etc.
4.)Mediation:-Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique – such
as mindfulness, or focusing their mind on a particular object, thought or activity – to train
attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state.
5.)BMI Calculator:- This calculator computes the body mass index and rates it appropriately
for men, women, children, juveniles and seniors. The SBMI – an index that has been developed
four years ago especially for this calculator – serves for this purpose. It is based on the results of
the most comprehensive study* published so far on the BMI and its associated health risks. BMI
(Body Mass Index) calculator is quite important for human as they can measure body shape based
on individual’s age, mass, height and activity level.
59

5.2 Snapshots of system with brief detail of each Module:-
Figure No 5.2.1:Icon of Mediquick app
60

2.) This is the first screen of Mediquick app when the application starts.
Figure No 5.2.2: Med quick app Loading Screen
3.) Main Menu:-
Figure No 5.2.3: Main Menu
61

4.) Sub menu:-
Figure No 5.2.4 Sub Menu
5.)Quick tour
Figure No 5.2.5:-Quick Tour 1
62

Figure No 5.2.6:-Quick Tour 2
6.) Blood Data Bank:-
The main purpose of blood donation module is to provide urgent blood to patients in no time. So
when a user taps on blood donation button then there are various options for the user: First, a
user is able to find nearby blood banks and hence by doing this user is able to save their time on
finding a blood bank and get the required blood on time. The Blood data Bank helps you to store
blood group of your known ones and this can be helpful at the time of need, Moreover we have
search online option so that you can find nearby blood bank easily. Google maps is there for any
particular location, any particular landmark etc. but there is an application for Android phones
which helps people find only the Blood Banks places at and around any particular location, which
is indeed a helpful thing when someone needs to find a blood bank around the place they are, in
emergency but can’t find anything through Google maps because of the limited knowledge of
63

the usage where one could not sort the results in particular. Many people are here for you, to help
you, willing to donate blood for you anytime. We have done all the job, rest is yours. search the
blood group you need. You can help us by registering on Smart Blood Bank if you are willing to
donate your blood when needed. As a proud member of Smart
Figure No 5.2.7 Blood Data Bank
64

65

7.) Family doctor data
Figure No 5.2.10 Family Doctors
66

Figure No 5.2.11 Family Doctors
8.) Medicine and Equipments
Figure No 5.2.12 Medicine and Equipments
Figure No 5.2.13 Medicine and Equipments
67

9.) BMI Calculator
Figure No 5.2.14 BMI Calculator
Figure No 5.2.14 BMI Calculator
68

10.) Vitamins
Figure No 5.2.15 Vitamins Chart
Figure No 5.2.16 Vitamins Chart
69

Figure No 5.2.16 Male Diet Chart
Figure No 5.2.17 Female Diet Chart
70

10.) Vaccination Chart
Figure No 5.2.17 Vaccination Chart
Figure No 5.2.18 Vaccination Chart
71

11.)Calories Table
Figure No 5.2.18 Calories Table
12.)About Us:-
Figure No 5.2.19 About Us
72

5.3 )Back Ends Representation (Database to be used)
1.)Blood Donor Table:-
2.)Family Doctor Table:-
Figure No 5.3.2 Family Doctor Table
5.3.1 Snapshots of Database Tables with brief description
1.)Blood Donor Table:- There is a use of database in MEDIQUICK application. First, to store
the details of blood donor and Second, to store the details of family doctor .Hence this application
includes two tables:
a) Blood_donor
b) Family_Doctor
73

Figure No 5.3.1.1 Blood Donor Table
2.)Family Doctors Table
specification and qualification of doctor etc. Various fields in family doctor table are:
• NAME:
Here the name of the doctor is stored and it is of type TEXT and this field should not be
null it means user have to fill this field.
• DQUALIFICATION:
This field tells how much a doctor is qualified. In many jurisdictions, individuals require
a medical degree to register for a license and legally practice. This is known as a primary
medical qualification or the primary qualification. Such degrees include:
• Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, BMBS, MBChB)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD, Dr.MuD, Dr.Med)
• Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
• DSPECIFICATION:
This is very essential field because this field depicts the speciality of a doctor. As we
know there are different types of doctor like some are heart specialist, some are bone
specialist and some are like child specialist also.
• DADDRESS:
Here the address of doctor’s home or clinic is stored so that whenever there is an
emergency a user will able to reach the doctor at its given address.
• DPHONE:
74

doctor at any time. This field contains data in TEXT format and the main thing to be
viewed is the PRIMARY KEY attached to this field. The main role of primary key is to
remove the redundancy of data.
Figure No 5.3.1.2 Family Doctor Table
75

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