2. • Reinterpret company geochemical data
• Reinterpret government geochemical data for your property
• Calculate approximate reserves from your geochemical survey
If you have a tight budget you can:
3. Average company expenses
Type of work $ per km2
IP 30 000
Magnetic - air 1000
Magnetic - ground 5000
EM - air 2000
EM - ground 20 000
MMI/Enzyme Leach 30 000
Soil - aqua regia 20 000
Prospecting 5000
Government regulations
Manitoba minimum expenditures
for required work
$ per km2
on claims 1250
on mineral lease, Zone A 1250-15000
on mineral lease, Zone B 500-6000
Ontario minimum expenditures
for required work on claims 2500
Cost for GIS of NADia services
Type of work $
Reinterpretation of existing geochem data 1500 per survey
Report writing 1500 per report
Keeping claims in good standing
4. Statistical analysis allow
• To reduce geochemical noise
• To explain data structures and correlation
patterns in a data set
• To map element assemblages
• To vector to a mineralization
• To determine contamination factors
5. Case study #1
geological processes
Lake sediment
data
The National Geochemical
Reconnaissance (NGR) program
Canada
6. P r o j e c t
Great Island-Seal River area - northern Manitoba
Geo-Mapping for Energy and Minerals
(GEM) Program of Natural Resources
Canada (NRCan)
and
Manitoba Far North Geomapping
Initiative of the Manitoba Geological
Survey (MGS).
7. Simplified geological map
Abbreviations:
CRP - Caribou River pluton
DRP - Dickins River pluton
GIB - Great Island basin
GLGB - Garlinski Lake greenstone belt
GLP - Gross Lake pluton
HLGB - Howard Lake greenstone belt
NLB - Nowell Lake basin
NLP - Nichol Lake pluton
SBB - Seal Bend basin
VLP - Vinsky Lake pluton
Dikes inferred from magnetics
Mp1 Gabbro (ca. 1.27 Ga Mackenzie swarm)
Sap4 Gabbro
Np1 Diabase? (ca. 2.45 Ga Kaminak swarm?)
Mapping limit
Nejanilini Domain
Intrusive and supracrustal rocks
Na6 Biotite granite, leucogranite, granitic pegmatite
Na5 Potassium feldspar porphyritic granite; 'fresh'
Na4 Potassium feldspar porphyritic granite; recrystallized
Na3 Mafic granulite
Na2 Paragneiss
Na1 Unseparated biotite±hornblende granite, granodiorite
Fault
Geological contact
Intrusive rocks 2
Sa16 Serpentinite, peridotite, gabbro
Sa15 Biotite±hornblende granite, granodiorite, tonalite
Sosnowski Lake assemblage (ca. 2.7–2.6 Ga)
Sa8–Sa14 Basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite; synvolcanic
intrusions; derived volcaniclastic rocks
Seal River Complex
Sa6 Quartz- and feldspar-phyric rhyolite
Sa1–Sa5, Sa7 Orthogneiss; granite, granodiorite; hornblende diorite,
feldspar porphyry and diabase dikes
Sequence 2 (<2.5 Ga)
Sap5 Basalt
Sap4 Gabbro
Sap3 Psammitic and semipelitic paragneiss
Sap2 Mudstone, arenite
Sap1 Quartz arenite, conglomerate, mudstone
Intrusive rocks (ca. 2.57–2.55 Ga)
Sa19–Sa23 Syenogranite, quartz syenite, granite, granodiorite,
quartz diorite, alaskite, pegmatite
Sequence 1 (<2.7 Ga, >2.57 Ga)
Sa17–Sa18 Polymictic conglomerate, arenite, mudstone
Paleozoic
Seal River Domain
Sequence 4 (<1.88 Ga)
Sp8–Sp13 Greywacke-mudstone turbidites, iron formation,
quartz arenite, marble
Intrusive rocks 1
Sp6–Sp7 Biotite-muscovite granite (±garnet, fluorite), pegmatite
Sequence 3 (<1.98 Ga)
Sp2–Sp5 Quartz arenite, mudstone, marble
Sp1 Iron formation (silicate facies)
8. composition of lake sediment
• Topography,
• drainage networks
• lake depth
• climate
• vegetation
• contamination
factors that may influence elemental concentrations:
Geology Surficial deposits Other Chemical
- lithology - level of carbonate - Fe-Mn adsorption - water pH
- mineralization - direction of ice flow - clastic and organic mater - electro-chemical
9. Au, raw data Au Factor
Example of reducing geochemical noise
for a mineralization
Se-Hg-Au
10. Exploration targets
The compilation map :
OLS and GWR models for U
U-gamma-ray anomalies
regional geology
shows the prospective areas for
U-exploration.
There is only one U occurrence (black
star) in the survey area indicated in the
Manitoba Mineral Deposits Database.
The occurrence is situated on a linear
trend of elevated U residuals.
The target areas with combined OLS and
GWR multi-element anomalies
are numbered according to their
potential to contain undiscovered U
mineralization. These locations are of
the most interest for exploration.
for the elements that have a strong
correlation
(Al, Ca, Cs, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sn, Th and Y)U regression models
11. Multi-variate lake sediment data were
decomposed into factors which
represent various processes that acted
on the sediment
12. Extracting regional geology factor
Factor is dominated by the associatin
Th/Nb,Sc,Ti,V/Cr,Cs,Ga,K,Rb and
reflects the difference in
geochemistry between two domains
in the region. It clearly separates the
Nejaniliny domain from the Seal River
Domain. The boundary between the
domains is shown as a red dashed
line.
The pattern for the Nejaniliny
domain, on the north is clearly visible
and is characterized by positive
scores, while in the southern part of
the region negative scores indicate
the Seal River domain.
13. Extracting till factor
Factor is dominated by the association
Al-Be-Bi/Co,Cr,Cs,Ga,K,Nb,Rb,Sc,V.
There appears to be a geographical
control on this factor as the orientation
of factor scores distribution is parallel to
the Hudson Bay coast line. This factor is
believed to reflect the contribution from
surficial deposits to the lake sediment.
Positive scores are located in the
western part of the survey area that is
covered by tills. In contrast the eastern
part of the survey area , which is covered
mostly by marine deposits, is
characterized by negative scores.
The figure shows the distribution of this
factor. The correspondence between the
two groups of samples is close, but not
total.
14. Extracting rock type factors
Factor
The highly anomalous factor scores correspond with the Gross Lake
granitic pluton (K-feldspar porphyritic granite, unit Na5).and appears
to represent a geochemical specialization of the pluton. Some of the
other multi-element anomalies probably reflect granitic dykes in the
area that are similar in composition to the Gross Lake pluton.
Tis factor has the highest loading for Ni (0.6). The factor
corresponds with a serpentinite-peridotite-gabbro body (unit S16)
in the central part of the map. Another linear cluster of high factor
scores located near the south boundary of the survey area may
indicates an unmapped ultramafic intrusion.
Ni/Mg,Cu/Co,CrAg,Cu,Mo,U,Ce,La,Y/W,ZnFactor
15. Au, ppb Au factor
Extracting tectonic factors
• Raw data • Statistically analyzed
20. Extracting contamination factor 3
Rock particulates factor in moss Alkaline and carbonatite
intrusions
Apatity
Kovdor
Factor
reflects
release of
oxides
and
silicates
that could
be derived
from
mining
activities
Mill
Al-Fe-Sr-Th-U
