PROGRAMS ON GRAPHICS BASED ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE C & CPP (C++) . DOC CONSIST 8 PRACTICALS . EACH PRACTICAL CONSIST MIN OF 2 QUESTION ALONG WITH SOLUTION i.e CODES EG: MOVING FISH , MOVING CAR, STAR, GENERATION OF STARS,HOUSE,FLAG,ICE CREAM CONE,SMILEY FACE GENERATION OF BUBBLES , CONCENTRIC CIRCLES,DDA LINE ALGORITHM ,Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm,MIDPOINT CIRCLE DRAWING ALGORITHM,Bresenham’x circle drawing algorithm,TRANSLATE A POLYGON, REFLECT A POLYGON , TRANSLATE A CIRCLE , To scale a polygon about a reference point,ROTATE A POLYGON, Cohen sutherland line clipping algorithm,TEXT CLIPPING, Character Generation,FLYING KITE

1. [1]
Practical-01
Q1) Drawing star
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:tcbgi");
line(320,100,220,300);
line(220,300,420,300);
line(420,300,320,100); // straight triangle
line(320,350,220,150);
line(220,150,420,150);
line(420,150,320,350); // reverse triangle
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,1);
floodfill(320,102,15); //top triangle
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,2);
floodfill(225,152,15); //top left
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,3);
floodfill(225,298,15); //bottom left
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,4);
floodfill(320,348,15); //bottom
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,5);
floodfill(415,298,15); //bottom right
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,6);
floodfill(415,152,15); //top right
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,7);
floodfill(320,200,15); //middle
getch();
}
Q2)//House
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
rectangle(100,200,400,400); //big wall
line(150,100,100,200); //left side of triangle
line(150,100,200,200); //right side of triangle
line(150,100,350,100); //top side of roof
line(200,200,400,200); //bottom side of roof
line(350,100,400,200); //right side of roof
line(200,200,200,400); //dividing wall into two parts
circle(150,160,20); //drawing circle within triangle
rectangle(120,250,180,400); //door
rectangle(225,225,375,300); //window
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTRED);
floodfill(102,202,WHITE); //filling first wall
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
floodfill(202,202,WHITE); //filling second wall
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,CYAN);
floodfill(122,252,WHITE); //filling door
setfillstyle(XHATCH_FILL,GREEN);

2. [2]
floodfill(252,252,WHITE); //filling window
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,MAGENTA);
floodfill(150,102,WHITE); //filling triangle
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
floodfill(150,160,WHITE); //filling circle
setfillstyle(BKSLASH_FILL,BROWN);
floodfill(200,150,WHITE); //filling roof
getch();
closegraph();
}
Q3)//Flag
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
rectangle(100,50,300,200); //outer rectangle
rectangle(100,100,300,150); //inner rectangle
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTRED);
floodfill(102,52,WHITE); //top side filled
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
floodfill(102,102,WHITE); //middle side filled
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
floodfill(102,152,WHITE); //bottom side filled
setcolor(BLUE); //setting color for circle and lines
circle(200,125,25);
line(175,125,225,125);
line(200,100,200,150);
line(182,107,218,143);
line(218,107,182,143);
setcolor(BROWN);
line(100,200,100,400);
getch();
}
Q4) Ice cream cone
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:tcbgi");
line(320,450,270,200);
line(270,200,370,200);
line(370,200,320,450);
line(270,200,260,180);
line(260,180,380,180);
line(380,180,370,200);
ellipse(320,180,0,180,60,100); //ice-cream
circle(320,70,10); //cherry
setfillstyle(SLASH_FILL,BROWN);
floodfill(320,430,15); //filled bottom part of cone
setfillstyle(XHATCH_FILL,BROWN);
floodfill(320,198,15); //filled top part of cone

3. [3]
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTMAGENTA);
floodfill(320,170,15); //filled ice-cream
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
floodfill(320,70,15); //filled cherry
getch();
}
Q5)//Smiley face
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
ellipse(300,250,0,360,100,150); //drawing face
circle(250,200,20); //left eye
circle(350,200,20); //right eye
arc(200,200,60,275,20); //left ear
arc(400,200,265,480,20); //rigth ear
line(300,230,275,275);
line(300,230,325,275);
line(275,275,325,275); //drawing nose
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BROWN);
floodfill(300,172,WHITE); //setting brown color for face
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
floodfill(350,200,WHITE);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
floodfill(250,200,WHITE); //setting blue color for eyes
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
floodfill(300,235,WHITE); //setting red color for nose
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
floodfill(200,200,WHITE);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
floodfill(400,200,WHITE); //setting green color for ears
setcolor(RED); //setting color for smile
arc(300,300,180,360,50); //drawing smile
setcolor(BLACK); //setting color for hair
line(300,100,300,170);
line(300,100,260,140);
line(300,100,340,140); //drawing hair
getch();
}
Q6)//Generation of sky
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int x, y, c;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
while(!kbhit()) //checks for currently available keystrokes
{
x=rand()%639;
y=rand()%479;
putpixel(x, y, rand()%14+1);

4. [4]
delay(15);
}
getch();
closegr,aph();
}
Q7)//Generation of Bubbles
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int x, y, c;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
while(!kbhit()) //checks for currently available keystrokes
{
x=rand()%639;
y=rand()%479;
c=rand()%14+1;
setcolor(c);
circle(x, y, rand()%10+10);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, rand()%14+1);
floodfill(x, y, c);
delay(15);
}
getch();
closegr,aph();
}
Q8)//Concentric circles
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
//request auto detection
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int x, y, maxr;
//initializes the graphics system and put the system into graphics gm
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
maxr= x<y ? x : y;
for(r=10; r<=maxr; r+=10)
{
setcolor(rand()%14+1);
circle(x, y, r);
delay(200); //suspends execution for interval (milliseconds)
}
//clean up
getch();
closegraph(); //shuts down the graphics system
}
Practical-02

5. [5]
Q1)//DDA line drawing algorithm
#include <graphics.h>
#include <math.h>
void main( )
{
float x1,y1,x2,y2;
float x,y,dx,dy,xinc,yinc,length;
int i;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("Enter the value of x1 : ");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("Enter the value of y1 : ");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("Enter the value of x2 : ");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("Enter the value of y1 : ");
scanf("%f",&y2);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx>=dy)
length=dx;
else
length=dy;
xinc=(x2-x1)/length;
yinc=(y2-y1)/length;
x=x1;
y=y1;
for(i=1;i<=length;i++)
{
putpixel((int)(x+0.5),(int)(y+0.5),15);
x=x+xinc;
y=y+yinc;
delay(100);
}
getch();
}
Q2)//Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm
#include <graphics.h>
#include <math.h>
int main( )
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2,gd=DETECT,gm;
int x,y,dx,dy,s1,s2;
int i,dp,temp,swap=0;
printf("Enter the value of x1 : ");
scanf("%d",&x1);
printf("Enter the value of y1 : ");
scanf("%d",&y1);
printf("Enter the value of x2 : ");

6. [6]
scanf("%d",&x2);
printf("Enter the value of y1 : ");
scanf("%d",&y2);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
x=x1;
y=y1;
putpixel(x,y,WHITE);
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(x2<x1)
s1=-1;
else if(x2>x1)
s1=1;
else
s1=0;
if(y2<y1)
s2=-1;
else if(y2>y1)
s2=1;
else
s2=0;
dp=2*dy-dx;
if(dy>dx)
{
temp=dx;
dx=dy;
dy=temp;
swap=1;
}
for(i=1;i<=dx;i++)
{
if(dp<0)
{
if(swap)
putpixel(x,y=y+s2,15);
else
putpixel(x=x+s1,y,15);
dp=dp+2*dy;
}
else
{
putpixel(x=x+s1,y=y+s2,15);
dp=dp+2*dy-2*dx;
}
delay(50);
}
getch();
}

7. [7]
Practical-03
Q1)//Midpoint Circle drawing algo
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,xc,yc,r,x,y,p;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the Xc=");
scanf("%d",&xc);
printf("Enter the Yc=");
scanf("%d",&yc);
printf("Enter the Radius=");
scanf("%d",&r);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
x=0;
y=r;
p=1-r;
do
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,1);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,2);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,3);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,4);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,6);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,7);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,8);
delay(50);
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
p=p+(2*x)+1;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
p=p+(2*x)-(2*y)+1;
}
}while(x<=y);
getch();
}
Q2)//Bresenham’x circle drawing algorithm
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,xc,yc,r,x,y,p;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the Xc=");
scanf("%d",&xc);

8. [8]
printf("Enter the Yc=");
scanf("%d",&yc);
printf("Enter the Radius=");
scanf("%d",&r);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
x=0;
y=r;
p=3-2*r;
do
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,1);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,2);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,3);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,4);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,6);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,7);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,8);
delay(50);
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
p=p+(4*x)+6;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
p=p+4*(x-y)+10;
}
}while(x<=y);
getch();
}
Practical -04
Q1)// To translate a polygon
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void translate(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;
printf("Enter first co-ordinates: ");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter second co-ordinates: ");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
printf("Enter third co-ordinates: ");
scanf("%d %d",&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
translate(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
}

9. [9]
void translate(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
int tx,ty;
/*draw initial triangle*/
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getch();
printf("Enter translation factorsn");
scanf("%d %d",&tx,&ty);
x1=x1+tx;
y1=y1+ty;
x2=x2+tx;
y2=y2+ty;
x3=x3+tx;
y3=y3+ty;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
Q2//To scale a polygon
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void scaling(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;
printf("Enter first co-ordinates: ");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter second co-ordinates: ");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
printf("Enter third co-ordinates: ");
scanf("%d %d",&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
scaling(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
}
void scaling(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
float sx,sy;
/*draw initial triangle*/
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getch();
printf("Enter scaling factorsn");
scanf("%f %f",&sx,&sy);
x1=x1*sx;
y1=y1*sy;
x2=x2*sx;
y2=y2*sy;
x3=x3*sx;

10. [10]
y3=y3*sy;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
Q3)// To reflect a polygon
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void disp(int n,float c[][3])
{
float maxx,maxy;
int i;
maxx=getmaxx()/2;
maxy=getmaxy()/2;
i=0;
while(i<n-1)
{
line(maxx+c[i][0],maxy-c[i][1],maxx+c[i+1][0],maxy-c[i+1][1]);
i++;
}
i=n-1;
line(maxx+c[i][0],maxy-c[i][1],maxx+c[0][0],maxy-c[0][1]);
setcolor(GREEN);
line(0,maxy,maxx*2,maxy);
line(maxx,0,maxx,maxy*2);
setcolor(WHITE);
}
void mul(int n,float b[][3],float c[][3],float a[][3])
{
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
a[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
a[i][j] = a[i][j] + (c[i][k] * b[k][j]);
}
}
}
void reflection(int n,float c[][3])
{
float b[10][3],a[10][3];
int i=0,ch,j;
cleardevice();
do
{
printf("nt* * MENU * *");
printf("nt1) ABOUT X-AXIS");
printf("nt2) ABOUT Y-AXIS");
printf("nt3) ABOUT ORIGIN");
printf("nt4) EXIT");
printf("ntENTER YOUR CHOICE : ");

11. [11]
scanf("%d",&ch);
clrscr();
cleardevice();
disp(n,c);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
b[i][j]=0;
if(i==j)
b[i][j]=1;
}
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
b[1][1]=-1;
break;
case 2:
b[0][0]=-1;
break;
case 3:
b[0][0]=-1;
b[1][1]=-1;
break;
default:
printf("ntINVALID CHOICE ! ");
}
mul(n,b,c,a);
setcolor(RED);
disp(n,a);
}while(ch!=4);
}
void main()
{
int i,n,gd=DETECT,gm;
float c[10][3];
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
printf("nEnter the number of vertices : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("nEnter the co-ordinates of the %d vertex :",i+1);
scanf("%f %f",&c[i][0],&c[i][1]);
c[i][2]=1;
}
setcolor(BLUE);
disp(n,c);
reflection(n,c);
getch();
closegraph();
}

12. [12]
Practical- 05
Q1)//To translate a circle
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int tx,ty,color=0;
int x=100,y=100;
int key_code1=0,key_code2;
char key1,key2;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
setfillstyle(0,0);
outtextxy(50,469,"Use arrow keys translation");
bar3d(20,20,619,459,0,0);
circle(x,y,30);
do
{
key1=getch();
key_code1=(int)key1;
if(key_code1==27)//esc key
break;
if(key_code1==0)
{
setfillstyle(0,0);
setcolor(15);
outtextxy(50,469,"Press arrow keys for translation");
bar3d(20,20,619,459,0,0);
key2=getch();
key_code2=(int)key2;
if(key_code2==72) // up arrow
{
tx=0;
ty=-25;
x+=tx;
y+=ty;
color=2;
}
else if(key_code2==80) // down arrow
{
tx=0;
ty=25;
x+=tx;
y+=ty;
color=4;
}
if(key_code2==77) // right arrow
{
tx=25;
ty=0;
x+=tx;
y+=ty;
color=6;

13. [13]
}
if(key_code2==75) // left arrow
{
tx=-25;
ty=0;
x+=tx;
y+=ty;
color=8;
}
setfillstyle(0,0);
outtextxy(50,469,"Press arrow keys for translation, Esc
to exit");
bar3d(20,20,619,459,0,0);
setcolor(color);
circle(x,y,30);
}
} while(key_code1==0);
closegraph();
restorecrtgm();
}
Q2)// To scale a polygon about a reference point
#include<graphics.h>
typedef int matrix1[1][3];
typedef float matrix2[3][3];
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int tx,ty;
float sx,sy;
int res[10];
int array[10]={70,100,120,100,150,70,100,200,70,100};
void mul(matrix1,matrix2);
void multi(matrix2,matrix2);
matrix2 ttmat={{1,0,0}, {0,1,0}, {0,0,1} };
matrix2 t1={{1,0,0}, {0,1,0}, {0,0,1} };
matrix2 t2={{1,0,0}, {0,1,0}, {0,0,1} };
matrix2 t3,t4;
matrix1 a={{70,100,1}},b={{120,100,1}},c={{150,70,1}},d={{100,200,1}};
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:tcbgi");
outtextxy(30,30,"Scaling transformation function");
printf("Enter the scaling distance sx & sy:n");
scanf("%f %f",&sx,&sy);
outtextxy(20,50,"Before scaling:");
drawpoly(5,array);
getch();
ttmat[0][0]*=sx;
ttmat[1][1]*=sy;
tx=70;
ty=100;
t1[2][0]= -tx;
t1[2][1]= -ty;
t2[2][0]= tx;

14. [14]
t2[2][1]= ty;
multi(t1,ttmat);
multi(t1,t2);
mul(a,t1);
mul(b,t1);
mul(c,t1);
mul(d,t1);
res[0]=a[0][0];
res[1]=a[0][1];
res[2]=b[0][0];
res[3]=b[0][1];
res[4]=c[0][0];
res[5]=c[0][1];
res[6]=d[0][0];
res[7]=d[0][1];
res[8]=a[0][0];
res[9]=a[0][1];
outtextxy(200,200,"After scaling keeping Point A(70,100) fixed:");
drawpoly(5,res);
getch();
closegraph();
restorecrtgm();
}
void multi(matrix2 aa,matrix2 bb)
{
matrix2 cc;
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cc[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
cc[i][j]=cc[i][j]+(aa[i][k]*bb[k][j]);
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
aa[i][j]=cc[i][j];
}
}
}
void mul(matrix1 aa,matrix2 bb)
{
matrix1 cc;
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{

15. [15]
cc[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
cc[i][j]=cc[i][j]+(aa[i][k]*bb[k][j]);
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
aa[i][j]=cc[i][j];
}
}
}
Q3)//To rotate a polygon
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
typedef int matrix1[1][3];
typedef double matrix2[3][3];
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int tx,ty;
double A,theta;
int res[10];
int array[10]={350,180,400,80,450,80,500,180,350,180};
void mul(matrix1,matrix2);
void multi(matrix2,matrix2);
matrix2 ttmat={{1,0,0}, {0,1,0}, {0,0,1} };
matrix2 t1={{1,0,0}, {0,1,0}, {0,0,1} };
matrix2 t2={{1,0,0}, {0,1,0}, {0,0,1} };
matrix1 a={{350,180,1}},b={{400,80,1}},c={{450,80,1}},d={{500,180,1}};
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
outtextxy(30,30,"Rotation transformation function");
printf("Enter the rotation angle:n");
scanf("%lf",&A);
outtextxy(20,50,"Before rotation:");
drawpoly(5,array);
getch();
theta=(3.14/180)*A;
ttmat[0][0]=cos(theta);
ttmat[0][1]=-sin(theta);
ttmat[1][0]=sin(theta);
ttmat[1][1]=cos(theta);
tx=350;
ty=180;
t1[2][0]=-tx;
t1[2][1]=-ty;
t2[2][0]=tx;
t2[2][1]=ty;
multi(t1,ttmat);
multi(t1,t2);

16. [16]
mul(a,t1);
mul(b,t1);
mul(c,t1);
mul(d,t1);
res[0]=a[0][0];
res[1]=a[0][1];
res[2]=b[0][0];
res[3]=b[0][1];
res[4]=c[0][0];
res[5]=c[0][1];
res[6]=d[0][0];
res[7]=d[0][1];
res[8]=a[0][0];
res[9]=a[0][1];
outtextxy(100,100,"After rotation:");
drawpoly(5,res);
getch();
closegraph();
restorecrtgm();
}
void multi(matrix2 aa,matrix2 bb)
{
matrix2 cc;
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cc[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
cc[i][j]=cc[i][j]+(aa[i][k]*bb[k][j]);
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
aa[i][j]=cc[i][j];
}
}
}
void mul(matrix1 aa,matrix2 bb)
{
matrix1 cc;
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cc[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{

17. [17]
cc[i][j]=cc[i][j]+(aa[i][k]*bb[k][j]);
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
aa[i][j]=cc[i][j];
}
}
}
Practical -06
Q1)// Cohen sutherland line clipping algorithm
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
float i,xmin,ymin, xmax,ymax,x1,y1,x2,y2,m;
float code1[4]={0,0,0,0},code2[4]={0,0,0,0};
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:tcbin");
printf("ntEnter the top-left coordinate of viewport: ");
scanf("%f %f",&xmin,&ymin);
printf("ntEnter the bottom-right coordinate of viewport: ");
scanf("%f %f",&xmax,&ymax);
printf("nEnter the coordinates for starting point of line: ");
scanf("%f %f",&x1,&y1);
printf("nEnter the coordinates for ending point of line: ");
scanf("%f %f",&x2,&y2);
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);
if(x1 <xmin)
start[0]=1;
if(x1 >xmax)
start[1]=1;
if(y1 >ymax)
start[2]=1;
if(y1 <ymin)
start[3]=1;
if(x2 <xmin)
end[0]=1;
if(x2 >xmax)
end[1]=1;
if(y2 >ymax)
end[2]=1;
if(y2 <ymin)
end[3]=1;
if((code1[0]==0)&&( code1[1]==0)&&( code1[2]==0)&&( code1[3]==0)&&(
code2[0]==0)&&( code2[1]==0)&&( code2[2]==0)&&( code2[3]==0))
{

18. [18]
cleardevice();
printf("nttThe line is totally visiblenttand not a clipping
candidate");
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
}
else if(((code1[0] && code2[0])==0) && ((code1[1] && code2[1])==0) &&
((code1[2] && code2[2])==0) && ((code1[3] && code2[3])==0))
{
cleardevice();
printf("nttLine is partially visible");
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
if(x1<xmin)
{
y1=y1+m*(xmin-x1);
x1=xmin;
}
If(x2<xmin)
{
y2=y2+m*(xmin-x2);
x2=xmin;
}
If(x1>xmax)
{
y1=y1+m*(xmax-x1);
x1=xmax;
}
If(x2>xmax)
{
y2=y2+m*(xmax-x2);
x2=xmax;
}
if(y1<ymin)
{
x1=x1+(ymin-y1)/m;
y1=ymin;
}
If(y2<ymin)
{
x2=x2+(ymin-y2)/m;
y2=ymin;
}
If(y1>ymax)
{
x1=x1+(ymax-y1)/m;
y1=ymax;
}
If(y2>ymax)
{
x2=x2+(ymax-y2)/m;
y2=ymax;
}
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

19. [19]
getch();
}
else
{
clrscr();
cleardevice();
printf("nLine is invisible");
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
}
getch();
}
Q2)Aim: Text Clipping
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax;
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
printf(“Enter coordinates of window: “);
scanf(“%d %d %d %d”,&xmin,&ymin,&xmax,&ymax);
printf(“Enter the location of first text: “);
scanf(“%d %d”,&x1,&y1);
printf(“Enter the location of second text: “);
scanf(“%d %d”,&x2,&y2);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax); //window
outtextxy(x1,y1,"INDIA");
rectangle(x1-1,y1-1,x1+50,y1+10);
outtextxy(x2,y2,"INDIA");
rectangle(x2-1,y2-1,x2+50,y2+10);
getch();
cleardevice();
outtextxy(20,20,"after clipping");
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax); //window
if((x1-1>xmin && x1-1<xmax) && (y1-1>ymin && y1-1<ymax) && (x1+50>xmin
&& x1+50<xmax) && (y1+10>ymin && y1+10<ymax))
{
outtextxy(x1,y1,"INDIA");
rectangle(x1-1,y1-1,x1+50,y1+10);
}
if((x2-1>xmin && x2-1<xmax) && (y2-1>ymin && y2-1<ymax) && (x2+50>xmin
&& x2+50<xmax) && (y2+10>ymin && y2+10<ymax))
{
outtextxy(x2,y2,"INDIA");
rectangle(x2-1,y2-1,x2+50,y2+10);
}
getch();
}

20. [20]
Practical -7
Q1) Aim: Character Generation
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,c,i,j;
int a[20][20]={{0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0},
{0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0},
{0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0},
{0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0},
{0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0},
{0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0}};
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
for(i=0;i<=19;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=19;j++)
{
if(a[i][j]==1)
putpixel(100+j,200+i,15);
}
}
getch();
}
Practical -8
Q1) Aim: To draw a moving Car
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x=0;
int start=0,end=90;
int rad=30;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
while(!kbhit())
{
cleardevice();
start=start-4;
end=end-4;
if(x<640)
x=x+1 ;
else
x=0;
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
pieslice(x,240,start,end,rad);
pieslice(x,240,start-180,end-180,rad);
circle(x,240,rad);

21. [21]
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
pieslice(x+120,240,start,end,rad);
pieslice(x+120,240,start-180,end-180,rad);
circle(x+120,240,rad);
line(x+rad,240,x-rad+120,240);
line(x-rad,240,x-rad-45,240);
line(x+rad+120,240,x+rad+210,240);
line(x-rad-45,240,x-60,180);
line(x-60,180,x-10,180);
line(x-10,180,x+rad,150);
line(x+rad,150,x+130,150);
line(x+130,150,x+150+10,180);
line(x+160,180,x+210,180);
line(x+210,180,x+240,240);
delay(150);
}
getch();
}
Q2) Aim: To draw a moving fish
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x=0;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
while(!kbhit())
{
cleardevice();
if(x<640)
x=x+10;
else
x=0;
setfillstyle(EMPTY_FILL,BLACK);
arc(x,180,30,150,50);
arc(x,130,210,330,50);
line(x-42,155,x-80,130);
line(x-42,155,x-80,180);
line(x-80,180,x-80,130);
circle(x+20,150,5);
circle(x+60,155,7);
circle(x+63,130,5);
circle(x+66,110,3);
arc(x,300,30,150,50);
arc(x,253,210,330,50);
delay(100);
}
getch();
}
Q3) Aim: To draw a flying kite
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{

22. [22]
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int y=480,x=0;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCBGI");
while(!kbhit())
{
cleardevice();
if(x<640)
x=x+4;
else
x=0;
if(y>0)
y=y-4;
else
y=480;
line(x,y,x-40,y-40);
line(x-40,y-40,x,y-80);
line(x,y-80,x+40,y-40);
line(x+40,y-40,x,y);
line(x,y,x-7,y+10);
line(x-7,y+10,x+8,y+10);
line(x,y,x+7,y+10);
line(x,y+10,x,y+50);
line(x-40,y-40,x+40,y-40);
line(x,y-80,x,y);
line(x,y-40,640,480);
delay(100); }
}
getch();
}