Dual axis solar tracker using Aurdino

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Belagavi-590 018.
C BYREGOWDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute
Srinivaspura Road, Kolar –563101
Project Presentation
On
“DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER USING
ARDUINO”
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Carried Out By
RAJESH R 1CK19EC049
SRINIVASA N 1CK19EC065
VISHWANATHA A G 1CK19EC073
VINAY M 1CK19EC072
Under the guidance of
Prof. SUJANI G
Associate professor
Dept of ECE
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
2022-2023
Under the Coordinate of
Prof. JAGADISH G M
Associate professor
Dept of ECE

2. Contents :
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Literature Survey
 Components Required
 Block Diagram
 Circuit Diagram
 Dual Axis Solar Tracking Mechanism
 Connection Table
 Working
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
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3. Abstract :
 The world is now moving towards the renewable energy source due to
various factors like pollution and cost of non-renewable energy sources.
 One of the major renewable energy sources is Sun. In this paper
Arduino based Dual-axis solar tracking system proposed in order to get
maximum solar energy.
 The Arduino is used to give command to rotate the solar panel. Solar
trackers are used to improve the power gain from solar energy.
 Solar power is changes due to the seasonal variation and tilting of earth
which changes the position of the sun in the sky. In this regard dual axis
solar tracking is practically implemented and performance is compared
with fixed mount and single axis solar tracking system.
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4. Introduction :
 Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source
of energy.
 The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is
approximately 1.8*1011 MW.
 Solar energy could supply all the present and
future energy needs of the world on a continuing
basis.
 This makes it one of the most promising of the
unconventional energy sources
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5. Literature Survey :
 Hossein Mousazadeh,[2009], in Renewable & Sustainable
Energy, Vol. 13, 1800-1818discusses different types of
and their cons and pros. The most efficient and popular
was found to be in the form of polar-axis and
 S. Abdallah Desalination ELSEVIER 220(2008) 669-676
has presented a computerized sun tracking device for
with the movement of the sun. A comparison between
solar stills showed that the use of sun tracking increased
around 22%, due to the increase of overall efficiency by
the sun tracking is more effective than fixed system and
enhancing the productivity. Using the sun tracker
temperature while it decreases thermal capacity of the
the evaporation rate and hence the distillation rate.
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6. Components Required :
The major components which are used in dual axis solar tracking system
are:
• Arduino Uno (ATmega328)
• Light dependent resistor (4 LDRs)
• 10K Ohm Resistor (4 Resistors)
• Servo Motor (2 in Quantity)
• Solar Panel
• Jumper wire
• Breadboard
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7. Block Diagram
 The block diagram of our dual axis solar tracker system is shown in Figure 1.
 It consists of an Arduino board, LDR, LCD display, DC motor. An input
command is given to the Arduino board. Four LDRs are connected to the light
comparison unit.
 This unit gives signal to the Arduino. The Arduino in turn command the motor
driving circuit to rotate the solar panel in horizontal or vertical position.
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8. Fig 1: Block diagram of dual axis solar tracker
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9. Circuit Diagram :
Fig 2 : Circuit Diagram Of Dual Axis Solar Tracker
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10. Dual Axis Solar Tracking Mechanism
 Our tracker is a dual axis tracker, meaning it tracks in both X and Y.
To put it into even more simple terms, it goes left, right, up, and down.
This means once you have your tracker set up you will never need to
change or adjust anything, since anywhere the sun moves your
tracker will follow.
 Dual-axis trackers have two degrees of freedom that act as axes of
rotation. These axes are typically normal to one another. Dual axis
trackers allow for optimum solar energy levels due to their ability to
follow the sun vertically and horizontally.
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11. Dual Axis Solar Tracker 11
Fig 3 : Dual Axis Mechanism Of Solar Tracker

12. Connection Table :
Arduino
UNO
Servo
Motor 1
Servo
Motor 2
D9 Pin Out Pin
D10 Pin Out Pin
+5V VCC
GND GND
Arduino
UNO
LDR 1 LDR 2 LDR 3 LDR 4 4p, 10k Res
A0 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
A3 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
A1 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
A2 Pin Ter. 1 Ter. 1
+5V Ter. 2 Ter. 2 Ter. 2 Ter. 2
GND Ter. 2
Note :
Ter. 1 = Terminal 1
Ter. 12= Terminal 2
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13. Working :
 In this system, four LDRs are fixed to sense the intensity of light (Two for
Azimuth position sensor and another two for Altitude position sensor).
 The analog signal from the sensors is given to the in-built ADC (Analog
to Digital Converter) and light comparison unit. This output is given as an
input to the Arduino board along with the input command.
 The output of the Arduino is given to the motor driving circuit. Two DC
motors are connected with the driving circuit, one for vertical and another
one for horizontal movement.
 The motor rotates the solar panel perpendicular to the position of sun’s
rays. Then finally the output power is displayed in the LCD. In this
project, LDR combination plays an important role. The combination of
signals is fed to the Arduino and this bit pattern is shown in table 1.
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14. Table.1 Desired Bit Pattern
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15. Advantages :
The advantages of tracking solar energy among various
sources are:
 Solar energy is a pollution free form of source.
 There is no noise pollution as in wind energy.
 Once the solar power plant is fixed, maintenance
cost is relatively low when compared to other
existing sources.
 Solar energy can be used in very remote areas
where extension of the electricity power grid is
costly.
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16. Disadvantages :
 Monitoring and Maintenance is required.
 A drastic environmental change cannot be tolerated by the equipment
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17. Applications :
• It can be used for large and medium scale power generations.
• It can also be used for power generation at remote places.
• It may be used as domestic backup power systems.
• It can be used for solar street lightning system.
• It may be used in water treatment technologies and solar heating.
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18. Conclusion :
 The Arduino based dual axis solar tracking based solar panel is designed
and successfully implemented to increase the efficiency of solar panel.
 The proposed dual axis solar tracker is more effective than the existing
single axis solar tracker and fixed mount. The proposed solar tracker which
automatically tracks the sun to grab maximum solar power with the help of
Arduino board was effectively achieved.
 The implementation cost of Arduino board for tracking solar power is low
and it is implementation is simple. Finally, experimental system clearly
reveals that proposed system effectively tracks the sun in both good and
bad weather conditions.
 During different time periods in a day compared with the existing system
and efficiency of solar panel is effectively improved.
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19. 19
Dual Axis Solar Tracker