Menstrual cycle DescriptionThe menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The cycle is required for the production of oocytes, and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. The menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of estrogen.

1. MUKESH SAH
POST GRADUATE MEDICAL INTERN
Ovarian-Endometrial Cycle

2. menstrual cycles
 Predictable
 regular
 Cyclical
 Spontaneous
 regulated by complex interactions of the:
 hypothalamic-pituitary axis
 ovaries
 genital tract
 average cycle duration is approximately 28 days

3. Ovarian cycle
 the development and release of the oocyte (or immature egg) in the ovary and changes in the
follicles.

4. The Ovarian Cycle
 Follicular or Preovulatory Ovarian Phase
 Ovulation
 Luteal or Postovulatory Ovarian Phase

5. Follicular or Preovulatory Ovarian Phase
 At birth : 2 million oocytes
 At puberty: 400,000 follicles
 Female reproductive life: 400 follicles
 Therefore, more than 99.9 percent of follicles undergo atresia

7. Ovulation
 onset of the gonadotropin surge resulting from increasing estrogen secretion by
preovulatory follicles
 LH secretion peaks 10 to 12 hours before ovulation
 Increases progesterone and prostaglandin production by the cumulus cells

8. Uterine cycle
 preparation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) for implantation by a fertilized
egg and shedding of the lining when implantation has failed.

9. Uterine cycle
 proliferative phase
 secretory phase

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