Anatomy lecture or presentation for students.

2. ‫وإن‬‫رحيم‬ ‫لغفور‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫تحصوها‬ ‫ال‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫نعمة‬ ‫تعدوا‬
And if you would count the graces of Allâh, never could you be able to
count them Truly!
Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
(Surah An-Nahl:18)

3. BY:
Dr.MUHAMMAD SALMAN PASHA

4. AXILLA
ARMPIT

5. INTRODUCTION
• THE AXILLA IS A PYRAMIDAL SPACE SITUATED BETWEEN THE
UPPER PART OF ARM AND THE CHEST WALL.
• RESEMBLES A FOUR-SIDED PYRAMID AND HAS:
• APEX
• BASE
• FOUR WALLS:ANTERIOR,POSTERIOR,MEDIAL,LATERAL.

6. POSITION OF AXILLA:
• THE AXILLA IS DISPOSED OBLIQUELY IN SUCH A WAY THAT
THE APEX IS DIRECTED UPWARDS AND MEDIALLY TOWARDS
THE ROOT OF THE NECK,AND THE BASE IS DIRECTED
DOWNWARDS.

7. DISSECTION OF AXILLA

8. BOUNDRIES
APEX:
• IT IS DIRECTED UPWARDS AND MEDIALLY TOWARDS THE
ROOT OF NECK.
• IT IS TRUNCATED AND CORRESPONDS TO A TRIANGULAR
INTERVAL BOUNDED
1. ANTERIORLY BY THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF CLAVICLE.
2. POSTERIORLY BY THE SUPERIOR BORDER OF SCAPULA AND
MEDIAL ASPECT OF CORACOID PROCESS.

9. • 3. MEDIALLY IT IS BOUNDED BY THE OUTER BORDER OF THE
FIRST RIB.
• THE OBLIQUE PASSAGE IS CALLED THE CERVICOAXILLARY
CANAL.
• THE AXILLARY ARTERY,AXILLARY VEIN AND THE BRANCHIAL
PLEXES ENTER THE AXILLA THROUGH THIS CANAL.

10. BASE OR FLOOR:
• IT IS DIRECTED DOWNWARDS,AND IS FORMED BY
SKIN,SUPERFICIAL AND AXILLARY FASCIAE.
• IT IS CONVEX UPWARDS IN CONGRUENCE WITH CONCAVITY
OF AXILLA.

11. ANTERIOR WALL:
• THE PECTORALIS MAJOR IN FRONT.
• THE CLAVIPECTORAL FASCIA.
• PECTORALIS MINOR.

12. POSTERIOR WALL:
• ABOVE IS SUBSCAPULARIS.
• BELOW IS:
• TERES MINOR
• LATISSIMUS DORSI

13. MEDIAL WALL:
• IT IS CONVEX LATERALLY.
• IT IS ATTACHED WITH UPPER FOUR RIBS WITH THEIR
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.ATTACHED WITH UPPER PART OF
SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE.

14. LATERAL WALL:
• IT IS VERY NARROW BECAUSE THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
WALLS CONVERGE ON IT.
• IT IS ATTACHED WITH UPPER PART OF SHAFT OF THE
HUMERUS IN THE REGION OF THE BICIPITAL GROOVE.
• IT IS ATTACHED WITH CORACOBRACHIALIS AND SHORT HEAD
OF THE BICEPS BRACHII.

17. CONTENTS OF AXILLA:
1. AXILLARY ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES.
2. AXILLARY VEIN AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.
3. INFRACLAVICULAR PART OF THE BRANCHIAL PLEXES.
4. FIVE GROUPS OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODES AND THE
ASSOCIATED LYMPHATICS.
5. THE LONG THORACIC AND INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVES.

18. 6.AXILLARY FAT AND AREOLAR TISSUE IN WHICH THE OTHER
CONTENTSARE EMBEDDED.

20. LAYOUTS OF AXILLA:
• 1.AXILLARY ARTERY AND THE BRANCHIAL PLEXES OF NERVES
RUN FROM THE APEX TO THE BASE ALONG THE LATERAL
WALL OF THE AXILLA,NEARER THE ANTERIOR WALL THAN
THE POSTERIOR WALL.
• 2.THE THORACIC BRANCHES OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY LIE IN
CONTACT WITH THE PECTORAL MUSCLLES,THE LATERAL
THORACIC VESSELS RUNNING ALONG THE LOWER BORDER
OF THE PECTORALIS MINOR.

21. 3.
a) THE SUBSCAPULAR VESSEL RUN ALONG THE LOWER
BORDER OF THE SUBSCAPULARIS.
b) THE SUBSCAPULAR NERVE AND THE THORACODORSAL
NERVE(NERVE TO LATISSIMUS DORSI)CROSS THE
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE SUBSCAPULARIS.
c) THE CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR VESSELS WIND ROUND
THE LATERAL BORDER OF THE SCAPULA.
d) THE AXILLARY NERVE AND THE POSTERIOR
CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL VESSELS PASS BACKWARDS
CLOSE TO THE SURGICAL NECK OF THE HUMERUS.

22. 4.
a) THE MEDIAL WALL OF AXILLA IS AVASCULAR,EXCEPT
FOR A FEW SMALL BRANCHES FROM THE SUPERIOR
THORACIC ARTERY.
b) THE LONG THORACIC NERVE(NERVE TO THE SERRATUS
ANTERIOR)DESCENDS ON THE SURFACE OF THE
MUSCLE.
c) THE INTERCOSTOBRANCHIAL NERVE PIERCES THE
ANTERO-SUPERIOR PART OF THE MEDIAL WALL AND
CROSSES THE SPACES TO REACH THE MEDIAL SIDE OF
THE ARM.

23. 5.THE AXILLARY LYMPH NODES ARE 20 TO 30 IN
NUMBER,AND ARE ARRANGED IN FIVE SETS:
a) THE ANTERIOR GROUP LIES ALONG THE LOWER BORDER OF THE
PECTORALIS MINOR,ON THE LATERAL THORACIC VESSELS.
b) THE LATERAL GROUP LIES POSTERIOMEDIAL TO THE AXILLARY
VEIN.
c) THE POSTERIOR GROUP LIES ALONG THE LOWER MARGIN OF THE
POSTERIOR WALL ALONG THE SUBSCAPULAR VESSELS.
d) THE CENTRAL GROUP LIES IN THE FAT OF THE AXILLA.
e) THE APICAL GROUP LIES BEHIND AND ABOVE THE PECTORALIS
MINOR,MEDIAL TO AXILLARY VEIN.

25. THANK YOU
THE END