in this presentation i presented some common information about muslim scientests and philosophes that lived in medieval age and i collect some information about discoveries that the did and now a days we the technology it is rooted from their discoveries and hard working.

1. Muslim Scientists
Presented by : Muhammad Hashami
Department of Nano chemistry and technology
15/OCT/ 2023
Islamic Golden age
KAZNU

2. Muslim scientists were credited with laying
the first seeds for most of the sciences in
which the West has now excelled. They were
the ones who sowed and we are the ones
who reap and benefit from their knowledge,
research, and the explorations and sciences.
In this topic, there is a complete narration of
the most important scholars that Muslim
civilization has produced over time, from
whose knowledge humanity has benefited
until now, and an overview of what each
scholar has presented.
Introduction

3. • important achievements
Al-Khwarizmi established the science of Algebra, and presented many important theories
in mathematics.
Al-Khwarizmi contributed to translating Arabic numerals and Indian numerals and
transporting them to Europe.
He developed in steps many problems and equations in algebra.
Al-Khwarizmi added the concept of zero to mathematics, and also introduced decimal
places in numbers.
Al-Khwarizmi was among the group of scholars who mapped the world for the first time
during the reign of Al-Ma'mun.
He is also credited with helping scientists solve quadratic and linear equations of
axiomatic geometry using algebra.
Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khwarizmi, who is considered one of the most
prominent Muslim scholars in astronomy, and one of the first mathematicians. Around 820 CE,
he was appointed as the astronomer and head of the library of the House of Wisdom in
Baghdad.
Al-Khwarizmi

4. • important achievements
 Al-Farahidi is the founder of prosody, which is one of the sciences of the
Arabic language.
 Al-Farahidi presented the first and oldest dictionary in the Arabic
language called “Book of the Eye.”
 He established a system of diacritics in the Arabic script, and was
described as the bright star of the Basra Grammar School.
Was (born c. 718, Oman—died c. 791, Basra, Iraq) a prominent scholar and imam of
language and literature, studied with Abdullah bin Abi Ishaq, who is also Sibawayh’s grammar
teacher. He studied music and rhythm so that he could organize and adjust his meters.
Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi

5. • important achievements
Abu Yusuf Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (ca. 800–870 CE) was the first self-identified philosopher in the Arabic tradition.
He is known in the West as “Alkindus.” He is famous for being one of the most prominent Arab scholars in
mathematics, in addition to his knowledge of various aspects of other sciences. He was born in Kufa, Iraq, and lived
in Baghdad. He excelled in astronomy, philosophy, optics, medicine, chemistry, and music. A great Muslim scientist,
he excelled in chemistry, astronomy, physics, mathematics, psychology, music, medicine, and logic, and he was
famous for the science of theology.
Abu Yusuf Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi
Al-Kindi is considered the first itinerant Muslim philosopher in the history of Arab and Muslim scholars.
Al-Kindi was among ten scientists who studied astronomy alone, and he followed the theories of the scientist Ptolemy regarding
the solar system.
Al-Kindi came up with many theories in astronomy, including that the difference is a result of changing the positions of the stars
and other planets in relation to the sun, and this results in a difference in the conditions and conditions of people depending on
the differences in these bodies above their countries. Scientists considered his words ambiguous regarding the impact of the
material world on the movement of celestial bodies.
He wrote writings on optics in which he explained his message about cosmic rays, and he wrote many books, the number of
which reached about 260 books. Al-Kindi was also a pioneer in the field of code analysis and cracking using his mathematical and
medical expertise. He developed a scale that allows doctors to measure the effectiveness of a drug. He conducted many
experiments on the effectiveness of music therapy. Al-Kindi was interested in finding compatibility between philosophy and other
Islamic sciences, especially religious sciences. Because of the role he played in philosophy, he was called “the father of Arab
philosophy” or “the philosopher of the Arabs.”

6. • important achievements
Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan Al-Azdi was born in 721 in what is now Iran and spent most of his life in
the city of kufa(Iraq and died at 815.), He was one of the Arab Muslim scholars. He excelled in the
sciences of chemistry, astronomy, engineering, metallurgy, philosophy, medicine, and pharmacy.
Ibn Khaldun described him as “the imam of bloggers,” and Abu Bakr al-Razi said about him in (Sir al-
Asrar): “Jaber is one of the most prominent Arabs, and the first pioneer of chemistry.”
Jabir ibn Hayyan
Jabir ibn Hayyan is considered the first person to use chemistry practically in history. His books in
the fourteenth century were among the most important sources of chemical studies and the most
influential in leading scientific thought in the East and West. Several of Jabir’s terms were
transferred to European languages ​​by being translated into Latin.
Ibn Hayyan defined chemistry in his book The Divine Science: “Chemistry is the branch of the
natural sciences that investigates the properties of minerals, plant and animal materials, the
methods of their generation and how they acquire new properties. Jabir bin Hayyan invented and
prepared some acids, including sulfuric acid, and called it “oil of vitriol.” He also invented alkalis or
bases, silver water, gold water, and ammonia salt Nearly 3,000 manuscripts on cosmology, music,
medicine, magic, biology, chemistry, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, and astronomy are
attributed to him. His works on chemistry were so important that they were translated into Latin
and widely spread among alchemists in the Middle Ages.

7. • important achievements
Abu Ali Al-Hussein Ibn Sina was born 980, near Bukhara, Iran [now in Uzbekistan]—died 1037, Hamadan,
Iran, a famous scientist in the field of natural sciences and mathematics. Ibn Sina is considered one of the
most influential figures in the field of medicine in the Islamic world and medieval Europe. His books and
studies were taught in European universities until the seventeenth century.
His book “Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb” is considered one of the most famous medical encyclopedias, in which he
explained all the diseases that affect a person in all parts of his body. Discover infections, understand the nature
of infectious diseases, and how they are transmitted. He was the first to explain the difference between
hemiplegia that results from an internal cause and that resulting from an external cause. He was the first to
describe gynecological diseases, such as puerperal fever. State and explain stroke.
Explain the necessity of psychological treatment to stop the effects of mental illness on the entire body. Use
cautery and fire to stop the bleeding.
He made great contributions to anatomy. He prescribed many drugs, amounting to about 760 drugs, to treat
diseases. Ibn Sina made other contributions in fields other than medicine. In the field of physics, Ibn Sina
invented a device to measure length accurately, described the movement of a body, defined the nature of light,
explained how sound can be transmitted through sound waves in the air, and studied different forms of energy.
Ibn Sina

8. Among the most prominent Muslim scholars are
Al-Farabi in the sciences of medicine and philosophy.
Ibn Al-Bitar in the sciences of medicine and pharmacy, plants and agriculture,
geography, and philosophy.
Ibn Baja in astronomy, medicine, algebra, mathematics and music.
Al-Idrisi in astronomy, medicine, plants and agriculture.
Ahmed Al-Maqrizi is one of the most famous scholars of history and has written
books on human religions.
Abu Ali bin Al-Haytham, nicknamed the encyclopedic scholar, due to the many
sciences he knows.
Hunayn bin Ishaq in medical sciences.
Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakshi in mathematics.
Abu Ishaq Al-Batroji in astronomy.
Abu Kamel is brave in arithmetic and astronomy.

10. Conclusion
The Islamic Golden Age stands as a testament to the heights of human achievement and intellectual inquiry. From
the 8th to the 13th centuries, the Islamic world fostered an environment of unparalleled innovation, scholarly
exchange, and cultural flourishing. This era witnessed remarkable contributions to a wide array of fields, including
mathematics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, literature, and the arts, as well as the preservation and translation of
knowledge from ancient civilizations. The Islamic Golden Age's impact on the world cannot be overstated. It laid the
foundation for many of the fundamental principles that underpin modern science, mathematics, and philosophy. The
translation movement, in particular, facilitated the transfer of knowledge from diverse cultures into Arabic, preserving
the wisdom of ancient Greece, Persia, India, and beyond. This legacy, in turn, played a vital role in the later European
Renaissance, shaping the course of human history.
As we reflect on this remarkable period in history, we are reminded of the boundless potential of the human intellect
and the importance of nurturing an environment that supports the pursuit of knowledge and innovation. The legacy
of the Islamic Golden Age serves as an inspiration for future generations to build bridges of understanding and
cooperation across cultures and to continue the quest for knowledge, enlightenment, and progress.

11. THANK YOU PROM
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