Earth moving machinery are heavy machines that can move and grade soil and rock for various purposes, such as construction, mining, demolition, and materials handling12. Some examples of earth moving machinery are loaders, excavators, dozers, cranes, and wheelers34. These machines have different designs, sizes, and capacities depending on the project requirements. A hydraulic system is a system that uses pressurized liquid, usually oil, to transmit power and motion from a source to an output12. A hydraulic system consists of several components, such as: A reservoir that stores and filters the liquid13. A pump that pressurizes the liquid and delivers it to the rest of the system12. Valves that control the direction, pressure, and flow of the liquid12. Actuators that convert the hydraulic pressure into mechanical force or motion12. Hoses, tubes, and fittings that connect the components and carry the liquid throughout the system45. These components work together to perform various tasks, such as lifting, pushing, pulling, clamping, and rotating6. Hydraulic systems are widely used in industries such as construction, agriculture, mining, aerospace, and manufacturing6. Is there anything else you would like to know about hydraulic systems?

1. United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe
Symposium
Towards a better regulatory
environment in countries with
economies in transition
R.Pocthier - October 23, 2007

2. Agenda
 Our Industry: Earth Moving Machines
 A better regulation environment
 Use of International Standards
 UN model legislation
 WTO - TBT
 Industry contribution
 Conclusion

3. Our Industry: Earth Moving
Machines

4. Our area of competency: Earth Moving Machines
Machines for excavating, loading, transporting, spreading and
compacting earth and other materials.
Machines designed according to performance based specifications of
ISO standards developed in ISO/TC 127

5. What is a better regulation
environment?

6. A better regulation environment should
lead to global Market Access. It should
be based on international standards

7. Why are international standards so
important?
 Give a good foundation for the development of new
regulations
 Provide performance based specifications to design our
machines
 Widely accepted because developed by the very best
international technical experts
 Facilitate communication in an international market
 …
 We are in a low volume and global market that needs
global standards and regulations to avoid producing
different machine models for Asia, Europe and North
America

8. General Standards Strategy
 Develop and maintain a complete
set of reasonable ISO standards,
and help promote the ISO
standards as national standards
and regulations for all countries.

9. Standards in National Regulations
 The ISO/TC 127 Standards are used for compliance with
regulations in the EU, the USA and in Japan.
 The ISO/TC 127 Standards are being promoted as national
standards and as the basis for regulations for China, Russia
and India.
 China is actively adopting the ISO standards and we
are trying to work with Russia to encourage the
adoption and use of UN/ECE Common Regulatory
Objective (CRO) based on ISO standards.

10. UN/ECE INTERNATIONAL MODEL
A regulatory technique which make use of standards
Essential safety requirements,
Conformity assessment procedures, marking provisions etc
TECHNICAL REGULATION:
STANDARDS:
making reference to

11. UN/ECE INTERNATIONAL MODEL
 “An International Model for Technical Harmonisation
based on Good Regulatory Practice for the
preparation, adoption and application of technical
regulations via the use of international standards”
prepared by a team of specialists on STandardization
And Regulatory Techniques (“START” Team) was
finalised at the annual session of the UN/ECE - WP on
Technical Harmonization and Standardization Policies,
29 - 31 October 2001
 The UN/ECE – WP.6 agreed: that the “International
Model” provides a voluntary framework which could
contribute to the facilitation of market access through
establishing sectoral agreements between interested UN
member countries

12. WTO TBT Agreement and
International Standards
Art 2.4 states
“Where technical regulations are required and relevant
international standards exist….Members shall use them….as a
basis for their technical regulations except
when ….”
Art 2.6 states:
“With a view to harmonizing technical regulations on as wide a
basis as possible, Members shall play full part, within the limits
of their resources, in the preparation …. of international
standards for products for which they either have adopt, or
expect to adopt, technical regulations.”

13. Advantages for a regulatory technique which make
use of standards – for cooperation with other
countries
At the 1st WTO/TBT Triennial Review, the TBT Committee
reiterated that good regulatory practice for the preparation,
adoption and application of technical regulations was a
priority for Members to facilitate trade and the Committee
agreed at the 2nd Triennial Review to continue an
information exchange in this regard while noting that
minimizing the use of mandatory technical regulations and
using voluntary international standards, where appropriate,
could reduce the regulatory burden and open up market
access opportunities.

14. What is our industry doing to
contribute to a better regulatory
environment?

15. Russia – New Technical Legislation
Background
 Up to now:
 no Technical Legislation ; State Standards regulate all Technical
Regulation. They are mandatory documents.
 In addition to State Standards we have Industry Standards and
Regulations. Ministries do supervise the product compliance.
 We have to work with 4 Certification Bodies
Ministry of Communication (Gen Sets)
Gosgortehnazor/Rostehnatzor (Safety Ministry – dangerous products)
GostR
Hygienic
 Duma approved a new Russian Federal Law N0. 184.03 on
Technical Regulation in Y2002, which has been revised in
Y2007

16. What did we do?
Since the law did not provide a formal structure or process we
had to find an acceptable course of action
1. Create an Industry Association in Russia?
1. Local Association?
2. Support from existing International Association (I.e: AEM,
CECE)?
2. Write our own draft TR?
3. Create an International Working Council?

17. Course of Action
 Creation of a RF President Expert Council in May 2005
 Success in building the foundation for the future of a National
Industry Association
 First meeting took place in Moscow June 1, 2005
 Council has 25 members / 4 foreigners. All very professional.
Russian members represent Industry, Associations & Instituts/
Universities. The foreigners include:
– European Trade Association (CECE chairman– Jan Mimer /Volvo)
– Japanese Trade Association (CEMA chairman - Kenzo Tamake
/Komatsu)
– USA Trade Association (AEM– Dan Roley /Caterpillar)
– Industry (Standards & Regs – Roger Pocthier /Caterpillar

18. Course of Action
 Promoted the use of ISO 20474 Standards / UN ECE
model legislation
 CAT translated ISO20474 in Russian language
 Promoted to use of Manufacturer self declaration
 In line with Western industry practices
 Draft of TR written
 We proposed to provide Training and Assistance for
 Understanding of ISO Standards Process
 Participating in the development of ISO/TC 127 Standards
 Using the technical requirements in the ISO/TC 127 Standards in
Regulations

19. Challenges
 We must continue to explain the process in our council & at political level.
 Some Russian are interested and convinced about the benefits of
international regulatory convergence and the use of international
standards but others still believe that the actual system is better for
them.
 Funding are required to work out draft TR
 International community/Associations provided financial support
 Caterpillar has spend substancial amount of resources to drive the
process in the right direction
 We are face with a very complex political situation.
 Interpretation of the law is difficult and consensus is not always found even
between Russian experts.
 We have to overcome communication difficulties
 Gaps enhanced by cultural disconnects
 Inertia in exchanges

20. Conclusion
 We are currently working with other manufacturers/ Trade
Associations in Russia and elsewhere to have a better
regulatory environment while using International Standards.
Good progress are taking place.
 We are providing training and assistance for
 Understanding the ISO Standards Process
 Participating in the development of ISO/TC 127 Standards
 Using the technical requirements in the ISO/TC 127 Standards in
Regulations
 We recommend adopting international standards as national
standards to aid manufacturers who want to export
 We are in favor to add national variations to allow for the
current level of technology and the social expectations

21. Thank You