1. SECOND TERM TECHNICAL PROJECT (TP-202)
B.TECH (PASS) MECHANICAL
BATCH (2013-14)
“LEVEL/TEMPERATURE/FLOW
CONTROL TRAINER”
GROUP MEMBERS: ROLL NO
1. MUHAMMAD ALAMGIR MP-13013
2. AZMAT-UL-ALLAH MP-13005
3. BASIT NISAR MP-13006
4. AHMED ALI MP-13004
5. MUHAMMAD HASSAN MP-13015
6. MUHAMMAD MANNAN RAFIQ MP-13017
SUBMITTED TO:
MR.BABAR SAYEED
(PROJECT ADVISOR)
PCSIR- PAK SWISS TRAINING CENTRE KARACHI
AFFILIATED With
N.E.D University of Engineering & Technology University Road,
Karachi - 75280

2. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.# DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
1 Introduction 1
2 Main diagram of the Trainer
2
3 Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer Main Elements 3
4 A Main Frame: 4
4.1 Mild steel. 4
5 The Main Tank 7
6 A Dual Process Tank 10
7 Centrifugal pump 13
7.1 Centrifugal pumps work 14
7.2 Basic Components 15
7.2.1 Impeller 15
7.2.2 Vanes of Impeller 15
7.2.3 Eye of Impeller 15
7.2.4 A single-Suction 15
7.2.5 A Double-Suction 15
7.3 Magnetically coupled pumps 16
7.3.1 Advantages 16
7.3.2 Disadvantages
17
7.3.3 Principle of operation 17

3. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.# DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
7.4 Priming 17
8 Rota meter 18
8.1 Advantages 19
8.2 Disadvantages 19
9 Solenoid valve 21
9.1 Operation 21
9.2 Components 22
9.3 Structure. 25
9.4 Materials 25
9.5 Types 26
9.6 Common uses 26
10 Temperature sensor RTD PT100 27
10.1 Function 29
10.2 Advantages 29
10.3 RTDs vs Thermocouples 30
11 Analogue/ bimetallic strip Temperature Meter 31
11.1 Applications 31
12 Proximity Sensor 34
12.1 OPERATING PRINCIPLES 35

4. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.# DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
12.2 Photoelectric 36
12.3 Magnetic 36
12.4 Outputs: 37
12.4.1 DC Voltage 3& 4 wire DC 37
12.4.2 Analog & Linear: 37
12.4.3 NPN Output: 38
12.4.4 PNP Output: 38
13 Glass Immersion Heaters 39
14 Pipes Of PVC 40
14.1 Materials used 40
14.2 Applications 40
14.3 Components of Plastic Pipe Systems 41
14.4 Physical properties Of PVC: 42
14.5 Mechanical properties: 42
14.6 Thermal and Fire properties: 43
14.7 Electrical properties: 43
15 Electrical Panel of Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer: 44
16 Power Supply. 46
16.1 DC power supply. 46

5. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.# DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
16.2 AC-to-DC supply 47
17 Breaker 49
17.1 Operation. 49
18 Indication Blub. 52
18.1 LED display ac line indicator circuit 53
19 Electronic Temperature Controller 54
19.1 Features & Specifications: 54
20 Relay. 57
20.1 Basic design 58
21 Switch. 59
21.1 Detent Switch 59
22 Connector Strip 60
22.1 Description 60
22.2 Multiway versions 60
22.3 Applications 60
23 Wire 62
23.1 Colour code 62
23.2 Cables 62
23.3 Copper conductors 64

6. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
PROJECT CERTIFICATION
It is certified that batch (2013-2014) of B-Tech (pass) comprising the
following members:
1. MUHAMMAD ALAMGIR MP-13013
2. AZMAT-UL-ALLAH MP-13005
3. BASIT NISAR MP-13006
4. AHMED ALI MP-13004
5. MUHAMMAD HASSAN MP-13015
6. MUHAMMAD MANNAN RAFIQ MP-13017
Has successfully completed the assigned
task of fabrication of “Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer” under the
supervision of Mr. Babar Sayeed.
Mr. Babar Sayeed
(Project Advisor)
Engr. Ejaz Hussain Khan

7. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
(Director of PSTC, Karachi)
PREFACE
This project is prepared to provide knowledge about
control of flow, level and temperature of liquid stored in tank. After completely
studying the report and working on training module. He/she can easily
understand about controlling the rate of flow, level and temperature of water
under prescribed conditions. The process unit and the control loops used in
measuring experiments for level, flow and temperature are described in detail.
The monitoring and control of level, temperature and
flow of liquid are an integral part of most of the processes in industry.
The project “Level/Temperature/Flow control Trainer”
is an effort to introduce the measurement, monitoring and control of level,
Temperature and flow by means of a simple trainer utilizing water as a medium.
The characteristics and term have been described from
basic, making it easy for reader to understand the technology and the
components used in the project.
The project report is well illustrated by drawing and
images to make it easier for the reader to understand.
We hope that the short comings may be waived
helping in view that project and report was completed in a short period of time.

8. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praises and thanks to Almighty ALLAH. The lord and creator of this
universe whose power and glory all things are accomplished. He is the merciful,
who bestowed on us the potential, ability and an opportunity to work on this
project.
Our first experience of project has been successfully, thanks to the support
staff of many friends & colleagues with gratitude. We wish to
acknowledge all of them. However, we wish to make special mention of
the following.
First of all we are thankful of our project advisor Mr. Babar Sayeed under
whose guideline we were able to complete our project. We are whole
heartedly thankful to him for giving us his value able time, attention
and for providing us a systematic way for completing our project in time.
We express our special thanks to honorable Engr. Ejaz Hussain Khan
(Director of Pak Swiss Training Centre Karachi) for extending his good
support. We are thankful to our institute and all our faculty members without
whom this project would have been a distant reality. We are also appreciate and
thankful to our family for their moral and monetary support.

9. B.Tech (Pass) Mechanical Level/Temperature/Flow Control Trainer
PCSIR-Pak Swiss Training Centre NED University of Engg. & Technology
“LEVEL/TEMPERATURE/FLOW
CONTROL TRAINER”
After
complete
fabrication
pictures