halabjakam

1. ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY I LABORATORY
Duhok Polytechnic University
Technical College of Engineering
Petrochemical Engineering Department
Student's Name
Lecturer's Name
Experiment Number
( 1 )
Laboratory Meeting Day & Time
/ /2016
Title of Experiment
Lecturer's Comments
Marks:
Date Expt. Performed:
/ /2016
Date Report Submitted: / /2016
Lab Group (number and members):
Lecturer's Signature

2. Introduction:
In the chemical substance mostly mixture. So we will separate them by
their physical properties. such as their size, tea leaves do not dissolve in
water. So you can use strainer to filter them. and also water soil are
mixture and most of material in the world are mixture. We will take
advantage of difference in physical properties to separate the component
of mixture.
1. sublimation: is when a substance goes directly from being a solid
to a gas without going through the liquid stage. The limitation for
this technique is that the property of matter is such away that liquid
phase equilibrium. Then you can see sublimation from that
compound on heating. examples (camphor , dry ice) etc
2. Extractions: are a way to separate a desired substance when it is
mixed with others. The mixture is brought into contact with a
solvent in which the substance of interest is soluble, but the other
substances present are insoluble.
3. Decantation: is done to separate particulates from a liquid by
allowing the solids to settle to the bottom of the mixture and
pouring off the particle-free part of the liquid. Another method is
to allow two immiscible liquids to separate and the lighter liquid is
poured off.

3. 4. Filtration: is commonly the mechanical or physical operation
which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or
gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can
pass. The fluid that passes through is called the filtrate.
5. Evaporation: is the process of a substance in a liquid state
changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature
and/or pressure. Evaporation is a fundamental part of the water
cycle and is constantly occurring throughout nature.
Procedure:
The mixture that will be separated in this experiment contains three
components: Naphthalene, C10H8 (does not dissolve in water;
sublimes) common table salt, NaCl (soluble in water) sea sand,
SiO2 (not soluble in water)

4. To begin: 1. Label a clean, dry 150-mL beaker with #1 and your initials.
Obtain its mass to the nearest 0.01 g. Record this mass and all other masses
on the data chart.
2. Obtain a small vial (small glass or plastic container with cap)containing
the mixture to be separated and empty all of the mixture into beaker #1.
3. Move all combustible materials away from your work area. Plan the next
steps carefully.
4. Place a clean, dry evaporating dish on top of beaker #1 containing the
mixture. Place the beaker and evaporating dish on a wire gauze with an iron
ring and ring stand assembly as shown. Place ice in the evaporating dish,
being careful not to get any water on the underside of the evaporating dish or
inside the beaker
5. Carefully heat the beaker with a Bunsen burner. Vapors will appear in the
beaker and solid crystals should collect on the underside of the evaporating
dish.
6. After 5 min. of heating, turn off the Bunsen burner. Drain away any water
from the evaporating dish. Collect the crystallized solid by scraping it off the
dish into a piece of paper towel with a scoopula. We will discard the
naphthalene. The edges of the evaporating dish might be hot – handle it with
crucible tongs if necessary.

5. 7. Stir the contents of the beaker with a glass rod. Add more ice to the
evaporating dish and place it back on the beaker. Re-light the burner and
continue to heat/scrape it as described above until no more solid collects on
the underside of the dish.
8. Let the beaker cooluntil you can hold it comfortably. Then obtain the
mass of beaker #1 with contents.
9. Add approximately 25 mL of deionized water to the solid in the beaker.
Stir the mixture with a glass rod to thoroughly dissolve the salt.
10. Label a clean, dry 250-mL beaker with #2 and your initials. Obtain its
mass.
11. Label a piece of filter paper with your initials, and fold it as shown.
Obtain the mass of the filter paper.
12. Assemble the apparatus for filtration. Place the pipestem triangle across
the iron ring to hold the funnel.
13. Position empty beaker #2 under the funnel. Let the stem of the funnel
touch the glass.

6. 14. Decant most of the liquid from beaker #1 into beaker #2 (do not spill out
any sand). Then transfer any remaining salt water/sand directly into the
funnel. Use a small amount of water from your wash bottle to help transfer
all of the residue from beaker #1 into the funnel.
15. When all of the liquid has passed through the filter paper, gently remove
the paper from the funnel and place it in the drying oven overnight. You will
obtain the mass of the sand and filter paper together after the paper is
completely dry.
16. Obtain the mass of a clean, dry watch glass.
17. Place beaker #2 and its contents on wire gauze with an iron ring and ring
stand assembly as shown. Begin to heat gently with a Bunsen burner. If the
contents of the beaker begin to spatter, remove the burner for a few minutes.
You may place a watch on top of the beaker to prevent spattering of the
contents out of the beaker.
18. When all of the liquid is gone, allow the beaker to coolto room
temperature. Obtain the mass of the beaker (and watch glass, if used) and the
solid residue.
19. Clean up your lab area and wash your hands.