Assignment 01: Discuss the different ways of particle diameter expression. Also to calculate the equation of particle number for 1 gram of powder sample. A little assignmen on the topic based on micromeritics.
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Physical Pharmaceutics Assignment 01
1. ASSIGNMENT - 1
Assignment 01: Discuss the different ways of particle diameter
expression. Also to calculate the equation of particle number for 1
gram of powder sample.
Name: Shivam Dubey
Physical Pharmaceutical – II
Instructor Name: Dr. Shivam Tayal
Date: 18/04/2020
2. ASSIGNMENT - 2
Different Methods For Determinig Particle
Diameter
Numerous techniques accessible for deciding molecule size, for example,
optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation and molecule volume estimation.
1. Optical microscopy (0.2-100 µm).
2. Sieving (40-9500 µm).
3. Sedimentation (0.08-300 µm).
4. Molecule volume estimation (0.5-300 µm).
Optical Microscopy
➢ Molecule size in the scope of 0.2 – 100 µm can be estimated.
➢ This technique gives number conveyance which can be changed over
to weight appropriation
➢ Optical magnifying lens focal point has restricted settling power
➢ Propelled magnifying lens have better settling control and can gauge
size in nano go: Ultramicroscope, Electron magnifying lens Scanning
Electron magnifying instrument (SEM), Transmission Electron
magnifying instrument (TEM).
ADVANTAGES
✓ One can see particles
✓ Any totals distinguished
✓ Contamination of particles distinguished
✓ Use of spread slip for capturing movement of particles Easy and
straightforward
DISADVANTAGES
Length and broadness can be distinguished however profundity or
thickness of particles can't be estimated
Slow-tedious , monotonous, off base
Number of particles to be estimated is more
Large example required
3. ASSIGNMENT - 3
Sieving Method
❖What Is Sieve?
⬧ Mesh number number of openings per inch ™
⬧ Sieve opening actual size of openings between wires
➢ It is broadly utilized as a strategy for the molecule size investigation
➢ Sieve examination is normally done utilizing dry powders. In spite of
the fact that, for powders in fluid suspension or which agglomerate
during dry sieving, a procedure of wet sieving can be utilized.
➢ Sieving technique straightforwardly gives weight conveyance.
➢ It discover application in measurements structure improvement of
tablets and cases.
➢ Normally, 15% of fine powder ought to be available in granulated
material to get legitimate progression of material and accomplish great
compaction.
➢ Thus percent of coarse, moderate, fine powder is evaluated by this
strategy.
➢ This method uses a series of standard sieves ™
➢ Range : 44 - 1000 μ m
ADVANTAGES
4. ASSIGNMENT - 4
✓ Cheap, Simple, Rapid, Reproducible outcomes (if parameters are
normalized)
DISADVANTAGES
Lower limit is 50 microns
Powder if sodden, can cause stopping up of openings
Attrition between particles during the procedure may cause size
decrease giving incorrect outcomes.
Sedimentation Method
➢ In this strategy molecule size can be dictated by looking at the powder
as it dregs out.
➢ Sample readiness: Powder is scattered in an appropriate dissolvable
➢ If the powder is hydrophobic, it might be important to add scattering
specialist to help wetting of the powder.
➢ In the event that where the powder is dissolvable in water it will be
important to utilize non-watery fluids or complete the investigation in
a gas.
Andreasen Pipette Technique:
➢ One of the most mainstream of the pipette strategies was that created
by Andreasen and Lundberg and usually called the Andreasen pipette.
➢ In this strategy , known volumes of suspension are drawn off and the
fixation contrasts are estimated concerning time.
➢ It includes estimating the % of solids that settle with time in a
graduated vessel.
The diameter is obtained by gravity sedimentation:
The particle size is determined in terms of stokes’ diameter (the diameter of
a particle measured during sedimentation at constant rate) using modified
Stokes' equation.
V =
ℎ
𝑡
=
𝑑𝑠𝑡2( 𝑝s – 𝑝o) 𝑔
18ηo
5. ASSIGNMENT - 5
dst = √
18ηo
(𝑝s−𝑝o)𝑔𝑡
Where,
ν : rate of settling ƒ
h : distance of fall in time t ƒ
𝑝s : density of particle ƒ
𝑝o: density of dispersion medium ƒ
g : acceleration due to gravity ƒ
ηo : viscosity of medium
Reynolds Number Re
Re =
𝑣𝑑𝑝o
ηo
R e > 0.2 {Stoke’s law cannot be used (due to turbulence)}
Equation Of Particle Number For 1 Gram Of
Powder Sample.
Considering the particle shape is spherical, the following relationship may
be expressed:
Volume of particle =
1𝑥𝜋𝑑𝑣𝑛3
6
…………. (1)
dvn = Volume Number Diameter
So now,
Mass of particle = Voluma x Diameter
Weight of particle =
1𝑥𝜋𝑑𝑣𝑛3
6
𝑥𝜌 …………..(2)
6. ASSIGNMENT - 6
Now, Again let suppose relationship between weight of particle and weight
of powder.
So, Weight of powder =
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑁𝑜 .𝑂𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
Given, the weight of powder is 1 grams.
So, Putting the above values in equation (2), we get
1𝜋𝑑𝑣𝑛3𝑥𝜌
6
=
1
𝑁
Rearranging the equation, we get
Particle Number(N) =
6
𝜋𝑑3𝑣𝑛𝑥𝑝
in a 1 gram of powder sample.
References
o http://lms.itmuniversity.ac.in/pluginfile.php/27919/mod_resource/content/
1/MICROMERITCS.pdf
o https://www.slideshare.net/AparajitaVarshneya1/micromeritics-100415301
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27_law
o https://www.particletechlabs.com/analytical-testing/particle-size-
distribution-analyses
o https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-6746-8_3