General Research proposal design by taking an example of composting involves in the reduction of solid waste....

1. Reduction of solid waste by
composting
Presented by:
MEMOONA RAFIQUE

2. INTRODUCTION
 Composting can generally described as a thermophilic aerobic
decomposition process
 Solid substrates are degraded over a period of weeks ,by a succession of
microbial population to form a dark brown end product
 It is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer
and soil amendment
 Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.
 Compost can be rich in nutrients. It is used in gardens, landscaping,
horticulture, and agriculture.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
 The main problem caused by municipal solid waste is on
public health and the environment.
 Likewise, air and water pollution are also the consequences
of improper management of wastes that has declined the
quality of air, drinking water and sanitation

4. OBJECTIVE
 The primary objective of composting in most cases is to
convert an unstable, possibly aggressive material into a
stable end product
 Provide an alternative to landfill disposal and reuse the solid
waste into farming
 Lessen the methane emission which is main source of global
warming

5. LITRERATURE REVIEW
Author Year Study
Abul-Soud M. 1999 Vermiculture and vermicomposting technologies
use in sustainable agriculture in Egypt
Nagavallemma KP, 2004 Recycling Wastes into Valuable
Organic Fertilizer
P.Saranraj* and D.Stella 2012 Vermicomposting and its importance in
improvement of soil nutrients and agricultural
crops

6. METHODOLOGY
VERMICOMPOSTING
 Composting through worms of specific species having ability to degrade the organic solid
waste such as food waste, animal manure, agricultural waste is vermicomposting
 Red earthworm species, like Eisenia foetida are most efficient in compost making
 First of all take a bin or plastic container and then bedding it by newspaper or dry leaves
spread the sand and moisture the bed and then add the worms
 Burry food scarps into the bin and leave for few days

7. Expected outcome
 Organic waste in landfills generates, methane, a potent
greenhouse gas. By composting wasted food and other
organics, methane emissions are significantly reduced.
 Compost can capture and destroy 99.6 percent of industrial
volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in contaminated air.
 Compost reduces and in some cases eliminates the need for
chemical fertilizers.

8. REFRENCES
 Edwards, C.A., Dominguez, J., Neuhauser, E.F., 1998.Growth and reproduction of
Perionyx excavatus (Perr.) (Megascolecidae) as factors in organic waste
management. Biol. Fertil. Soils 27, 155 -161.
 Garg, V.K., Kaushik, P., 2005.Vermistabilization of textile mill sludge spiked with
poultry droppings by an epigeic earthworm. Eisenia foetida. Biores. Technol. 96,
1063 – 1071.
 Tomati, V., Grappel, A., Galli, E., Rossi, W., 1983. Fertilizers from vermiculture– an
option for organic wastes recovery. Agrochemica 27, 244 – 251
 Atiyeh, R.M., Subler, S., Edwards, C.A., Metzger, J., 1999. Growth of tomato plants
in horticultural potting media amended with vermicompost. Pedobiologia 43, 724 –
728.