Classification of Mental disorders is also known as Psychiatric Nosology or Psychiatric Taxonomy. Most commonly Used Classification is ICD and DSM.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF
MENTAL DISORDERS
PRESENTEDby:
MS. MONIKAKANWAR
NURSINGTUTOR
SHIMLANURSINGCOLLEGE

2. INTRODUCTION
 Like any growing branch of medicine, in psychiatry there
has been rapid changes in classification to keep up
growing research data dealing with epidemiology,
symptomatology, prognostic factors, treatment methods
& new theories for causation of psychiatric disorders.
 At present there are two major classification in
psychiatry, namely, ICD10(1992) and DSM-5(2013). In
both the ICD and DSM, the mental disorders are at
present grouped by their symptoms, in categories that
compose the classification.
 The Classification of Mental Disorders is also known
as Psychiatric Nosology or Psychiatric Taxonomy.

3. DEFINITION
 Classification: It is a process by which complex
phenomena are organized into categories, classes
or ranks so as to bring together those things that
most resemble each other and to separate those
that differ.
 Mental Disorder: Mental disorder, also called a
mental illness or psychiatric disorders, is a
behavioral or mental pattern that cause significant
distress or impairment of mental functioning.

4. PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION
 Enable us to care for our patients.
 To make general acceptable diagnosis.
 To facilitate communication between psychiatrists,
other doctors and professionals.
 To carry out high- quality research & based on
epidemiological data to plan services.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
MENTAL
DISORDERS
1. ICD-10
•F00-F09
•F10-F19
•F20-F29
•F30-F39
•F40-F48
•F50-F59
•F60-F69
•F70-F79
•F80-F89
•F90-98
•F99
2. DSM-IV-TR
•AXIS-I
•AXIS-II
•AXIS-III
•AXIS-IV
•AXIS-V
DSM-5
•Section-I
•Section-II
•Section-III

6. 1. ICD-10 (INTERNATIONAL
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE)-1992
 This is WHO’s Classification for all disease and
related health problems.
 The chapter ‘ F ’classifies psychiatric disorders as
mental and behavioral disorders & codes them on
an alphanumeric system from F00-F99

7. The main categories in ICD-10:
F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental
disorders
 F00- Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease
 F01- Vascular Dementia
 F02- Dementia in other disease classified
elsewhere
 F03- Unspecified Dementia
 F04- Organic amnestic syndrome

8.  F05- Delirium
 F06- Other mental disorders due to brain damage &
dysfunction & to physical disease
 F07- Personality & behavioral disorders due to brain
disease, damage & dysfunction
 F09- Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorder

9. F10-F19 Mental & behavioral disorders due to
psychoactive substance use
 F10- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
alcohol
 F11- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
opioid
 F12- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
cannabinoids

10.  F13- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
sedatives & hypnotics
 F14- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
cocaine
 F15- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
stimulants, including caffeine

11.  F16- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of
hallucinogens
 F17- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco
 F18- Mental & behavioral disorders due to use of volatile
solvents
 F19- Mental & behavioral disorders due to multiple drug
use and use of other psychoactive substances.

12. F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal & delusional
disorders
 F20- Schizophrenia
• F20.0- Paranoid schizophrenia
• F20.1- Hebephrenic schizophrenia
• F20.2- Catatonic schizophrenia
• F20.3- Undifferentiated schizophrenia
• F20.4- Post-schizophrenic depression
• F20.5- Residual schizophrenia
• F20.6- Simple schizophrenia
• F20.8- Other Schizophrenia
• F20.9- Schizophrenia, unspecified

13.  F21- Schizotypal disorder
 F22- Persistent delusional disorder
 F23- Acute & Transient psychotic disorders
 F24- Induced delusional disorders
 F25- Schizoaffective disorder
 F28- Other Nonorganic psychotic disorders
 F29- Unspecified nonorganic psychosis

14. F30-F39 Mood (affective) disorders
 F30- Manic episodes
• F30.0- Hypomania
• F30.1- Mania without psychotic symptoms
• F30.2- Mania with psychotic symptoms
• F30.8- Other manic episodes
• F30.9- Manic episode unspecified

15.  F31- Bipolar affective disorders
• F31.0- Bipolar affective disorder, current episode hypomania
• F31.1- Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mania without
psychotic symptoms
• F31.2- Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mania with
psychotic symptoms
• F31.3- Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mild or moderate
depression
• F31.4- Bipolar affective disorder, current episode severe
depression without psychotic symptoms
• F31.5- Bipolar affective disorder, current episode severe
depression with psychotic symptoms
• F31.8- Other bipolar affective disorders
• F31.9- Bipolar affective disorder, unspecified

16.  F32- Depressive episode
• F32.0- Mild depressive episode
• F32.1- Moderate depressive episode
• F32.2- Severe depressive episode without
psychotic symptoms
• F32.3- Severe depressive episode with psychotic
symptoms
• F32.8- Other depressive episodes-Atypical
depression
• F32.9- Depressive episode, unspecified
 F33- Recurrent depressive disorder

17.  F34- Persistent mood disorder
• F34.0- Cyclothymia
• F34.1- Dysthymia
• F34.8- Other persistent mood disorders
• F34.9- Persistent mood disorder, unspecified
 F38- Other mood disorders
 F39- Unspecified mood disorders

18. F40-F48 Neurotic, stress-rapid & somato-form
disorders
 F40- Phobic anxiety disorders
• F40.0- Agoraphobia
• F40.1- Social Phobia
• F40.2- Specific phobia
• F40.8- Other phobic anxiety disorder
• F40.9- Phobic anxiety disorder, unspecified

19.  F41- Other anxiety disorders
• F41.0- Panic disorder
• F41.1- Generalized anxiety disorder
• F41.2- Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
• F41.3- Other mixed anxiety disorders
• F41.8- Other specified anxiety disorders
• F41.9- Anxiety disorder, unspecified
 F42- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
 F43- Reaction to severe stress & adjustment disorders
 F44- Dissociative (conversion) disorders
 F45- Somatoform disorders
 F48- Other Neurotic disorders

20. F50-F59 Behavioral syndromes associated with
physiological & physical factors
 F50- Eating disorders
• F50.0- Anorexia Nervosa
• F50.1- Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
• F50.2- Bulimia Nervosa
• F50.3- Atypical Bulimia Nervosa
• F50.4- Overeating associated with other psychological
disturbances
• F50.5- Vomiting associated with other psychological
disturbances
• F50.8- Other eating disorders
• F50.9- Eating disorders, unspecified
 F51- Non- organic sleep disorders

21.  F52- Sexual dysfunction, not caused by organic disorder
or disease
 F53- Mental and behavioral disorders associated with the
puerperium, not elsewhere classified
 F54- Psychological and behavioral factors associated
with disorders or disease classified elsewhere
 F55- Abuse of non-dependence-producing substances
 F59- Unspecified behavioral syndromes associated with
physiological disturbances and physical factors

22. F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality & behavior
 F60- Specific personality disorders
• F60.0- Paranoid personality disorders
• F60.1- Schizoid personality disorders
• F60.2- Dissocial personality disorders
• F60.3- Emotionally unstable personality disorders

23. • F60.4- Histrionic personality disorders
• F60.5- Anankastic personality disorders
• F60.6- Anxious personality disorders
• F60.7- Dependent personality disorders
• F60.8- Other specific personality disorders
• F60.9- Personality disorder, unspecified
 F61- Mixed and other personality disorders

24.  F62- Enduring personality changes, not attributable to
brain damage and disease
 F63- Habit & impulse disorders
 F64- Gender identity disorders
 F65- Disorders of sexual preference
 F66- Psychological and behavioral disorders associated
with sexual development and orientation
 F68- Other disorders of adult personality and behaviour
 F69- Unspecified disorder of adult personality and
behaviour

25. F70-F79 Mental retardation
 F70- Mild mental retardation (IQ of 50-70)
 F71- Moderate mental retardation (IQ of 35-50)
 F72- Severe mental retardation (IQ of between 20 to 25 & 35
to 40)
 F73- Profound mental retardation (IQ of less than 20 to 25)
 F78- Other mental retardation
 F79- Unspecified mental retardation

26. F80-F89 Disorders of psychological development
 F80- Specific developmental disorders of speech & language
 F81- Specific development disorders of scholastic skills
 F82- Specific developmental disorders of motor function
 F83- Mixed specific developmental disorders
 F84- Pervasive developmental disorders
 F88- Other disorder of psychological development
 F89- Unspecified disorder of psychological development

27. F90-F98 Behavioral & emotional disorders with onset
usually occurring in childhood & adolescence
 F90- Hyperkinetic disorders
 F91- Conduct disorders
 F92- Mixed personality of conduct and emotions
 F93- Emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood

28.  F94- Disorders of social functioning with onset
specific to childhood & adolescence
 F95- Tic disorders
 F98- Other behavioral & emotional disorders with
onset usually occurring in childhood & adolescence

29. F99- Mental disorders not otherwise specified

30. ICD-11 (INTERNATIONAL
CLASSIFICATION OF DISESAE, 2019)
 The Eleventh Revision of ICD resulted into ICD-11
which was released by World Health Organization
(WHO) in the year 2018
 Approved by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in
May 2019

31. NAME (NOMENCLATURE) OF THE MENTAL
DISORDERS IN ICD-10 AND ICD-11
ICD-10 ICD-11
Mental Retardation Disorders of intellectual
development
Hyperkinetic disorders Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorders (ADHD)
Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and
Delusional disorders
Schizophrenia or other primary
psychotic disorders
Generalized anxiety disorders, panic
disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia,
social anxiety disorder, separation
anxiety disorder and selective mutism
Anxiety and fear related
disorders
Reactions to severe stress and
adjustment disorders
Disorders specifically associated
with stress
Conduct disorders Disruptive behavior and dissocial
disorders
Disorders of sexual preference Paraphilic disorders

32. 2. DSM-5 (DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL
OF MENTAL DISORDERS)
 This is the classification of mental disorders by
American Psychiatric Association (APA).
 The diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published
on May 18, 2013 overriding the DSM-IV-TR.
 Until now DSM-IV-TR has organized clinical
assessment into five areas or axis, addressing the
different aspects and impact of any disorder.
 The DSM-5 is the first DSM to use an Arabic
numeral instead of a Roman Numeral.

33. The five axes of DSM-IV-TR are:
 AXIS I: Clinical psychiatric diagnosis
This includes all mental disorders (except personality
disorders and mental retardation)
 AXIS II: Personality disorders and mental
retardation
These disorders usually begins in childhood and
adolescence and persist in a stable form into adult
life.
 AXIS III: General Medical conditions
These include any current general medical conditions
that is potentially relevant to the understanding or
management of the individual’s mental disorder.

34.  AXIS IV: Psychosocial and Environmental problems
These are problems that may affect the diagnosis,
treatment and prognosis of mental disorders named on
Axis I and Axis II. These include problems related to
primary support group, social environment , education,
occupation, housing, economics, access to health care
services, interaction with the legal system or crime, and
other types of psychosocial and environmental problems.
 AXIS V: Global Assessment of Functioning
This allows the clinician to rate the individual’s overall
functioning on the Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF) Scale. This scale represents in global terms a single
measure of the individual’s psychological, social and
occupational functioning.

35.  The multiaxial system was introduced to help, guide
clinical assessment and ensure adequate attention to
all mental disorders. But serious problems emerged,
which had negative consequences for clinicians,
patients and researchers alike.
 To address the issues, DSM-5 uses unified system of
clinical assessment that is aligned with international
classification systems.
 It combines the first three axes into one that contains all
mental and other medical diagnoses. Doing so removes
artificial distinctions among conditions, benefiting both
clinical practice and research use.
 In DSM-5 there is elimination of Multiaxial and Global
assessment (GAF) score system.

36. DSM-5 is divided into three sections (Axis) to designate
each sections:
 SECTION I: Diagnostic classification
Section-I describes DSM-5 chapter organization, it changes from
the multiaxial system, and Section III dimensional assessments.
(Introduction and use of manual)
 SECTION-II: Diagnostic criteria and codes
 Neurodevelopmental disorders
 Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
 Bipolar and related disorders
 Depressive disorders
 Anxiety disorders
 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
 Trauma and stressor related disorders
 Dissociative disorders
 Somatic symptom and related disorders
 Feeding and eating disorders

37.  Feeding and eating disorders
 Sleep-wake disorders
 Sexual dysfunction
 Gender dysphoria
 Disruptive, impulsive control, and conduct disorders
 Substance related and addictive disorders
 Neuro-cognitive disorders
 Paraphilic disorders
 Personality disorders
 SECTION III: Emerging measures and modules: The
World Health Organization’s disability assessment
schedule is added to Section II under assessment
Measures, as suggested, but not required method to
assess functioning. (Assessment measures, cultural
formulation)

38. 3. INDIAN CLASSIFICATION
 In India, Neki (1963), Wig and Singer (1967), Vahia
(1961) and Varma (1971) have attempted some
modification of ICD8 to suit Indian conditions. They
are broadly as:
A. Psychosis
B. Neurosis
C. Special disorders

39. A. PSYCHOSIS
FUNCTIONAL AFFECTIVE ORGANIC
Schizophrenia
•Simple schizophrenia
•Hebephrenic
schizophrenia
•Catatonic
schizophrenia
•Paranoid
schizophrenia
Affective
•Mania
•Depression
Organic
•Acute
•Chronic

40. B. NEUROSIS
Hysterical
neurosis
Obsessive
compulsive
disorders
Phobic neurosis
Depressive
neurosis
Anxiety
neurosis

41. C. SPECIAL DISORDERS
Childhood
disorders:
Conduct
disorders
Emotional
disorders
Personality
disorders:
Sociopath
Psychopath
Substance
abuse:
Alcohol
abuse
Drug abuse
Psychophysi-
ological
disorders:
Asthma
Psoriasis
Mental
Retardation:
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound

42. CLASSIFICATION
 F00-F09- Organic, including symptomatic
mental disorders
e.g. It includes Delirium, Dementia, Organic amnestic
syndrome, unspecified organic or symptomatic
mental disorders
 F10-F19- Mental & Behavioral Disorders due to
psychoactive substance use
e.g. It includes Mental and behavioral disorders due
to use of alcohol, opioid, cannabinoids, sedatives and
hypnotics, Cocaine, hallucinogens

43. SUMMARIZATION
 Introduction
 Definition
 Purpose of classification
 Classification
 ICD- 10
 DSM-5
 Indian classification