Simple and without Politics

1. Mohsin Hakim
Simple way and table format for understanding Timeline
History and Kings of india.

2. History and Kings of in India
8th
Century
Muhammad bin Qasim
In 711, the Umayyad Caliph in Damascus sent two failed expeditions to Balochistan (an arid region
on the Iranian Plateau in Southwest Asia, presently split between Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan)
and Sindh.
Nature of the expeditions was punitive, and in response to raids carried out by pirates on Arab
shipping, operating around Debal. The allegation was made that the King of Sindh, Raja Dahir. The
third expedition was led by a 20-year-old Arabian chieftain named Muhammad bin Qasim.
Bin Qasim invaded the sub-continent at the orders of Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef, the governor of Iraq.
Qasim's armies defeated Raja Dahir at what is now Hyderabad inSindh in 712. He then proceeded
to subdue the lands from Karachi to Multan with an initial force of only six thousand Arabian
tribesmen; thereby establishing the dominion of the Umayyad Caliphate from Lisbon in Portugal to
the Indus Valley. Qasim's stay was brief as he was soon recalled to Iraq, and the Caliphates rule in
South Asia shrank to Sindh and Southern Punjab in the form of Arab states, the principal of whom
were Al Mansura and Multan.

3. Ghurid Saltanate
879-1215 (336 years) (9th
Century to early 13th
Century)
Name Reign
Amir Suri 9th-century – 10th-
century
Muhammad ibn Suri 10th-century –
1011
Abu Ali ibn Muhammad 1011–1035
Abbas ibn Shith 1035 – 1060
Muhammad ibn Abbas 1060 – 1080
Qutb al-din Hasan 1080 – 1100
Izz al-Din Husayn 1100–1146
Sayf al-Din Suri 1146–1149
Baha al-Din Sam I 1149
Ala al-Din Husayn 1149–1161
Sayf al-Din Muhammad 1161–1163
Ghiyath al-Din
Muhammad
1163–1202
Mu'izz al-Din
Muhammad
1202–1206
Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud 1206-1212
Baha al-Din Sam III 1212–1213
Ala al-Din Atsiz 1213-1214
Ala al-Din Ali 1214-1215

4. Delhi Sultanate
13th
Century to 16th
Century 1206-1526 (302 Years)
 Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210), appointed Naib us Sultanat by Mu'izz al-Din
Muhammad, first Muslim Sultan of India, ruled with Delhi as capital
 Aram Shah (1210–1211)
 Shams ud din Iltutmish (1211–1236), son-in-law of Qut-bud-din Aibak
 Rukn ud din Firuz (1236), son of Iltutmish
 Raziyyat-ud-din Sultana (1236–1240), daughter of Iltutmish
 Muiz ud din Bahram (1240–1242), son of Iltutmish
 Ala ud din Masud (1242–1246), son of Ruk-nud-din
 Nasir ud din Mahmud (1246–1266), son of Iltutmish
 Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266–1286), ex-slave, son-in-law of Sultan Nasir ud din Mahmud
 Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (1286–1290), grandson of Balban and Nasir-ud-din
Khalji dynasty
 Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)
 Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)
 Umar Khan Khilji (1316)
 Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320)
 Khusro Khan (1320)

5. Tughluq dynasty
 Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1320–1325)[83]
 Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)
 Mahmud Ibn Muhammad (March 1351)
 Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
 Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
 Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
 Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390–1393)
 Sikander Shah I (March - April 1393)
 Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (Sultan Mahmud II) at Delhi (1393–1413), son of Nasir
uddin Muhammad, controlled the east[citation needed]
from Delhi
 Nasir uddin Nusrat Shah (1394–1414), grandson of Firuz Shah Tughluq, controlled the west[citation
needed]
from Firozabad
Sayyid dynasty
 Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
 Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
 Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
 Alam Shah (1445–1451)
Lodi dynasty
 Bahlul Lodi (1451–1489)
 Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
 Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat on April 20, 1526

6. Bahmani Sultanate
1347-1527 (180 years) 14th
to 15th
century
Shah Hasan Gangu 1347–1358 CE
Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
Shah Muhammad Shah Bahmani I 1358–1375 CE
Shah Mujahid Shah Bahmani 1375–1378 CE
Ala-ud-Din Mujahid Shah
Shah Dawood Shah Bahmani 1378 CE
Shah Mahmood Shah Bahmani I 1378–1397 CE
Shah Ghiyath-ud-din Shah Bahmani 1397 CE
Shah Shams-ud-din Shah Bahmani 1397 CE
Puppet King Under Lachin Khan Turk
Shah Feroze Khan 1397–1422 CE
Shah Ahmed Shah Wali Bahmani 1422–1436 CE
Shah Ala-ud-Din Ahmed Shah
Bahmani
1436–1458 CE
Ala-ud-Din Ahmed Shah
Shah Humayun Shah Zalim Bahmani 1458–1461 CE
Ala-ud-Din Humayun Shah
Shah Nizam Shah Bahmani 1461–1463 CE
Shah Muhammad Shah Bahmani II 1463–1482 CE
Muhammad Shah Lashkari
Vira Shah Mahmood Shah Bahmani II 1482–1518 CE
Shah Ahmed Shah Bahmani II 1518–1521 CE
Puppet King Under Amir Barid I
Shah Ala-ud-Din Shah Bahmani II 1521–1522 CE
Ala-ud-Din Shah Puppet King Under Amir Barid I
Shah Waliullah Shah Bahmani 1522–1525 CE
Puppet King Under Amir Barid I
Shah Kaleemullah Shah Bahmani 1525–1527 CE
Puppet King Under Amir Barid I
Dissolution of the Sultanate into 5 Kingdoms namely; Bidar Sultanate; Ahmednagar
Sultanate; Bijapur Sultanate; Golconda Sultanate and Berar Sultanate.

7. Kingdom of Mysore
1761- 1799 (38 years)
Berar Sultanate 1490-1596 (106 years )
Fath-Allah Imad-ul-Mulk 1490 – 1504
Aladdin Imad Shah 1504 – 1529
Darya Imad Shah 1529 – 1562
Burhan Imad Shah 1562 – 1568
Tufail Khan (usurper) 1568 – 1572
Durrani Empire 1747-1826 (79 years)
Ahmad Shah
Durrani
1747–1772
Timur Shah 1772–1793
Zaman Shah 1793–1801
Mahmud Shah first reign 1801–1803
Shuja Shah 1803–1809 and 1839–
1842
Mahmud Shah second reign 1809–1818
Sultan Ali Shah 1818–1819
Ayub Shah 1819–1823

8. Ma'bar Sultanate [Madurai Sultanate]1335-1378 (48 years)
Titular Name Personal
Name
Reign
Independence from Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi
Sultanate.
Jalal-ud-din Shah Ahsan Khan 1335–1339 CE
Ala-ud-din Shah Udauji 1339 CE
Qutb-ud-din Shah Feroze Khan 1339–1340 CE
Ghiyath-ud-din
Shah
Muhammad
Damghani
1340–1344 CE
Nasir-ud-din Shah Mahmud
Damghani
1344–1356 CE
Shams-ud-din
Shah
Adil Khan 1356–1358 CE
Fakhr-ud-din Shah Mubarak Khan 1358–1368 CE
Ala-ud-din Shah II Sikandar Khan 1368–1378 CE
Conquered by Vijayanagar Empire.
Bengal Sultanate 1352–1576 (224 years)
Name Reign Notes
Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352-1414)
Shamsuddin Ilyas
Shah
1352–1358 Became the first sole ruler of
whole Bengal comprising Sonargaon,Satgaon and La
khnauti.
Sikandar Shah 1358–1390 Assassinated by his son and successor, Ghiyasuddin
Azam Shah
Ghiyasuddin Azam
Shah
1390–1411
Saifuddin Hamza
Shah
1411–1413

9. Muhammad Shah
bin Hamza Shah
1413 Assassinated by his father's slave Shihabuddin
Bayazid Shah on the orders of the landlord
of Dinajpur, Raja Ganesha
Bayazid Shahi dynasty (1413-1414)
Shihabuddin
Bayazid Shah
1413–1414
Alauddin Firuz Shah
I
1414 Son of Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah. Assassinated by
Raja Ganesha
House of Raja Ganesha (1414-1435)
Raja Ganesha 1414–1415
Jalaluddin
Muhammad Shah
1415–1416 Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam
Raja Ganesha 1416–1418 Second Phase
Jalaluddin
Muhammad Shah
1418–1433 Second Phase
Shamsuddin
Ahmad Shah
1433–1435
Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435-1487)
Nasiruddin
Mahmud Shah
1435–1459
Rukunuddin Barbak
Shah
1459–1474
Shamsuddin Yusuf
Shah
1474–1481
Sikandar Shah II 1481
Jalaluddin Fateh
Shah
1481–1487
Habshi rule (1487-
1494)
Shahzada Barbak 1487
Saifuddin Firuz
Shah
1487–1489
Mahmud Shah II 1489–1490
Shamsuddin
Muzaffar Shah
1490–1494
Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494-1538)
Alauddin Hussain
Shah
1494–1518
Nasiruddin Nasrat
Shah
1518–1533
Alauddin Firuz Shah
II
1533
Ghiyasuddin
Mahmud Shah
1533–1538
Bengal Governors under Suri Empire (1532-1555)

10. Sher Shah 1532–1538 Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in
1540.
Khidr Khan 1538–1541
Qazi Fazilat 1541–1545
Muhammad Khan
Sur
1545–1554
Shahbaz Khan 1555
Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554-1564)
Muhammad Khan
Sur
1554–1555 Declared independence and styled himself
as Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah
Ghiyasuddin
Bahadur Shah II
1555–1561
Ghiyasuddin Jalal
Shah
1561–1564
Ghiyasuddin
Bahadur Shah III
1564
Karrani dynasty (1564-1576)
Taj Khan Karrani 1564–1566
Sulaiman Khan
Karrani
1566–1572
Bayazid Khan
Karrani
1572
Daud Khan Karrani 1572–1576

11. Mughal Empire
1526-1857 (331 years) 16th
Century to 19th
Century
Emperor Birth Reign
Period
Death Notes
Babur Feb 23,
1483
1526–
1530
Dec 26,
1530
Was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through his
mother and was related to Timur through his father.
Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at
the Battle of Panipat (1526) and the Battle of Khanwa.
Humayun Mar 6,
1508
1530–
1540
Jan 1556 Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and
inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as
a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.
Sher Shah
Suri
1472 1540–
1545
May 1545 Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty.
Islam Shah
Suri
c.1500 1545–
1554
1554 2nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, claims of sons
Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by
Humayun's restoration.
Humayun Mar 6,
1508
1555–
1556
Jan 1556 Restored rule was more unified and effective than
initial reign of 1530–1540; left unified empire for his
son, Akbar.

12. Akbar Nov 14,
1542
1556–
1605
Oct 27,
1605
He and Bairam Khan defeated Hemu during
the Second Battle of Panipat and later won famous
victories during theSiege of Chittorgarh and the Siege
of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and
is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal
Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions;
he married Mariam-uz-Zamani, a Rajput princess. One
of his most famous construction marvels was
the Lahore Fort.
Jahangir Oct 1569 1605–
1627
1627 Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against
their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with
the British East India Company. Reportedly was an
alcoholic, and his wife Empress Noor Jahan became
the real power behind the throne and competently
ruled in his place.
Shah Jahan Jan 5,
1592
1627–
1658
1666 Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their
zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red
Fort,Jahangir mausoleum, and Shalimar
Gardens in Lahore. Deposed by his son Aurangzeb.
Aurangzeb Oct 21,
1618
1658–
1707
Mar 3,
1707
He reinterpreted Islamic law and presented
the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri; he captured
the diamond mines of the Sultanate of Golconda; he
spent the major part of his last 27 years in the war
with the Maratha rebels; at its zenith, his conquests
expanded the empire to its greatest extent; the over-
stretched empire was controlled by Mansabdars, and
faced challenges after his death. He is known to have
transcribed copies of the Qur'an using his own styles
ofcalligraphy. he died during a campaign against the
ravaging Marathas in the Deccan.
Bahadur
Shah I
Oct 14,
1643
1707–
1712
Feb 1712 First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an
empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his
reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the
lack of leadership qualities among his immediate
successors.
Jahandar
Shah
1664 1712–
1713
Feb 1713 Was an unpopular incompetent titular figurehead;
Furrukhsiyar 1683 1713–
1719
1719 His reign marked the ascendancy of the
manipulative Syed Brothers, execution of the
rebellious Banda In 1717 he granted a Firman to
the English East India Company granting them duty-
free trading rights for Bengal, the Firman was
repudiated by the notable Murshid Quli Khan.
Rafi Ul-
Darjat
Unknown 1719 1719

13. Rafi Ud-
Daulat
Unknown 1719 1719
Nikusiyar Unknown 1719 1743
Muhammad
Ibrahim
Unknown 1720 1744
Muhammad
Shah
1702 1719–
1720,
1720–
1748
1748 Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Tried to counter the
emergence of the Marathas but empire disintegrated.
Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of Persia in
1739.[38]
Ahmad
Shah
Bahadur
1725 1748–
54
1775
Alamgir II 1699 1754–
1759
1759 He was murdered according by the Vizier Imad-ul-
Mulk and Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau.
Shah Jahan
III
Unknown In
1759
1772 Was ordained to the imperial throne by Sadashivrao
Bhau. Shah Jahan III was overthrown after the Third
Battle of Panipat by Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.
Shah Alam II 1728 1759–
1806
1806 Was nominated as the Mughal Emperor by Ahmad
Shah Durrani after the Third Battle of Panipat. In 1764
saw the defeat of the combined forces of Mughal,
Nawab of Oudh & Nawab of Bengal, Bihar at the hand
of East India Company at the Battle of Buxar.
Following this defeat, Shah Alam II left Delhi for
Allahabad, ending hostilities with the Treaty of
Allahabad (1765), which marked the beginning of
British rule in India officially. Shah Alam II was
reinstated to the throne of Delhi in 1772 by Mahadaji
Shinde under the protection of the Marathas.[39] He
was the last Mughal Emperor to have de jure control
over the empire.
Akbar Shah
II
1760 1806–
1837
1837 He was a British pensioner. Under British protection,
his imperial name was removed from the official
coinage after a brief dispute with the British East
India Company;
Bahadur
Shah II
1775 1837–
1857
1862 The last Mughal emperor was deposed by the British
and exiled to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of
1857. End of Mughal dynasty.

14. Ancient India