9. LOW FOOD ENERGY SUBSTITUTE
Eg: DIET COKE
HIGH FOOD ENERGY SUBSTITUE
Eg: ENDURA MASS
2 9
10. Knowledge of drug and diet interaction very
important – for physicians, nutritionists and
dietitians
Dietary factors helps :
promote medicine action – faster recovery
Reduce the potential of drug
Influences metabolic processes
2 10
11. Use of appropriate food as a tool for the
treatment of a disease
Doctors advice dietitian to alter diet in 3
respects:
Nutrient content of diet - increasing/ decreasing
proportion
Consistency of diet- liquid or solid diet
Amount/ quantity of diet – restriction or change in
proportion of components
2 11
12. Modifications of the normal diet made in order to
Meet the altered needs resulting from disease
Aim of the diet therapy is to maintain health and
help the patients to regain nutritional well being.
2 12
13. Illness leads to poor food acceptance due
to:
Reduced desire in food due to lack of
appetite
Reduced appetite due to inactivity
Reduced appetite due to drugs
Altered time of eating
2 13
14. Used to decide the nutritional status of patient
It includes anthropometric, clinical, dietary and
laboratory measurements
Anthropometric – measurements includes height,
weight, BMI etc.
BMI = Wt. in kg/ Height. in metre2
2 14
15. Clinical – measurements includes examination of
eye, teeth gums, tongue, skin and hair to observe
Symptoms of nutritional deficiency
2 15
16. Dietary – assessment is an essential basis for
dietary counseling
Is intended to produce desirable change in the food
behavior
Helps in evaluation of food intake to detect
possible deficiencies
Laboratory – assessment involves blood and urine
analysis to determine the excretion rate of
nutrients
2 16
17. Energy and protein needs to be determined to
ensure proper nutritional care of malnourished
patient
Energy needs: has to meet the basal + activity need
of persons (repletion, maintenance or weight loss)
Resting energy expenditure (REE) – measured with
portable equipment
It measures volumes of oxygen consumed and
carbon di-oxide expired
It increased when person suffering form burn,
fever and decreased in malnutrition2 17
18. Loss of nitrogen is increased by stress
For eg:
If a stress person needs 2400 kcal, his/her N-
need is:
2400 kcal = N(g) * 150 = 16.0 g N per day
Protein needs = 16.0 * 6.25 = 100 g per day
2 18
19. Women REE (kcal) = 655.1 + 9.56 W + 1.85 H – 4.68 A
Men REE (kcal) = 66.5 + 13.75 W + 5.0 H – 6.78 A
Where,
A= age in years
W = weight in kgs
H = height cms
2 19
20. IDA was founded with:
Prof. Kalyan (Secretary)
Dr. C. Gopalan (President) in 1975
Objectives of IDA are:
Promote cause of science (nutrition and dietetics)
Facilitate social, scientific good will among members
Safeguard the interests of scientists
Establish close contacts among persons following
different branches and stimulate an intellectual
pursuit towards possible practical integration of
scientific knowledge
2 20
21. Assess the nutritional status of patient in health
and disease
Devise and coordinate all aspects of nutrition care
plan
Communicate with the doctor and monitor
implementation of nutrition care plan
Document all aspects of nutrition care
Arrange patient follow up as needed
Participate in applied research as well as diet
Communicate effectively and share knowledge
2 21
22. Modification in relative proportion of nutrients
and restriction of certain nutrients are
necessary with respect to:
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Electrolyte and minerals
Vitamins
2 22
23. Modification in carbohydrate, protein and fat
proportion in diet are necessary as:
Diabetic diet – for diabetic patients
Low calorie diet – for persons to achieve weight
loss
High protein, high fat, low carbohydrate diet – for
patients with hypoglycaemia
Ketogenic diet – for controlling epilepsy
2 23
24. Lactose free diet – for persons unable to
metabolize milk sugar (lactose)
Dumping syndrome diet – for patients undergone
gastric by pass surgery
2 24
25. Restriction fat diet – for patients with disease of
liver, gall bladder or pancreases
Fat controlled, low cholesterol diet - for patients
with increased level of blood cholesterol
Dietary management in hyperlipoprotinaemia –for
patients suffering from elevation of blood
lipoproteins
2 25
26. Restricted protein diet- for patients in hepatic
coma or liver disease
Gluten free diet – for patients suffering from
gluten intolerance
Restricted purine diet – for persons having high
uric acid level in blood
High protein diet – for several cases such as
tuberculosis, anaemia, burns, injuries etc.
2 26
27. Increased sodium diet – useful in addison disease
Restricted sodium diet – for patients with
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal
disease with swelling etc.
Restricted potassium diet - for patients where
potassium is not excreted properly from body
Restricted copper diet – for patients suffering
from wilson disease2 27
28. Continue……
High calcium and phosphorus diet – for persons
suffering from rickets, osteomalacia, dental
caries etc.
High iron diet – advisable in nutritional or anaemia
High ash or alkaline diet – for producing acidity or
alkalinity in body
2 28
29. High vitamin diet :
Vitamin A – for combat night blindness
Vitamin D – for combat rickets and osteomalacia
Vitamin K – for combat liver and gall bladder
disease
Thiamine – to prevent beriberi
Niacin – to prevent pellagra
Vitamin C – to prevent scurvy and to improve
wounds and overall defense mechanism of the body
2 29
30. CONCLUSION
we are living in 21st century and most of us are
technology oriented. With this habit our living style
has changed so in order to maintain health or to
decrease mortality or to get protected from chronic
disease we need to change our eating style also. So a
proper diet is must. No doubt drugs and medicines
are having quick healing affect against disease but
they are harmful too. A good diet will always be safe
and healthy.
“Prevention is better than cure”
2 30
diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.[1] The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related).
the kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats.
Diet provides nutrients to our body..some has possitive as well as negative effects..
All it depends upon what we are consuming. means we are taking healthy food or junk food.
On this slide we will try to learn what are the different positive effects of diet on our body . If it is balanced diet then definitely it will provide positive effect to our body..
A balanced diet provides essential nutrients like Carbohydrates .Protein .Fat .Vitamins .Minerals . Water.
Helps in normal body growth
If we are taking a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and low in saturated fat then it will result in strong immune system.
Taking healthy fats in diet will help the body to balance hormonal activities.
Obesity-Obesity puts you at risk of several health conditions, including high cholesterol, high triglycerides, type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease, gallbladder disease, cancer, depression, osteoarthritis and skin problems.
Imbalance diet will lead a body to disease prone.
Now lets start the topic that is ditetic food.
The question that arises at earliest is why to consume ditetic food.
food or drink whose recipe is altered in some way to make it part of a body modification diet. Such foods are usually intended to assist in weight loss or a change in body type, although bodybuilding supplements are designed to aid in gaining weight or muscle.
Simply we can say that we consume ditetic food to maintaiin our body weight or to simply direct it to a desired body shape
a food prepared for any specific dietary need or restriction, such as salt-free or vegetarian food.
Food in which the nutrient content has been modified for use in special diets, esp. for diabetics.
a specially prepared low-calorie food, often containing natural or artificial sweeteners
Lets discuss the process of REPLACING food into dietetic food.
This can be as simple as replacing some or all of the food's sugar with a sugar substitute as is common with diet soft drinks such as Coca-Cola (for example Diet Coke). In some snacks, the food may be baked instead of fried thus reducing the food energy. In other cases, low-fat ingredients may be used as replacements.
In whole grain foods, the higher fiber content effectively displaces some of the starch component of the flour. Since certain fibers have no food energy, this results in a modest energy reduction. Another technique relies on the intentional addition of other reduced-food-energy ingredients, such as resistant starch or dietary fiber, to replace part of the flour and achieve a more significant energy reduction.
Low calorie using.
Metabolic side effect
Diet
Now coming on types of diet foods ..mainly there are two types of dietetic foods.that is ……………………….
1-it provides low calories to reduce body weight.
2-it provide high calories to gain body musles it is mainly used by body builders to gain mass.
PROBLEM-khtayi with drug
for physicians, nutritionists and dietitians IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DRUG AND DIET INTRACTION.SO THAT THEY CAN EASILY SUGGEST TO THEIR PATIENTS
if we are on dieting ,oily related ,reduced drug-Cabbage,garlic
Problem in Doctors advice dietitian to alter diet in 3 respects:dietician ko recommend krte h
Kmi h ya jyada hai
Solid or liquid form me khana khichdi
3-sodiium ki jagah potsiun
Lets discuss now what is therapeutic diet
If we want to controls the intake of certain foods or nutrients in our body which is not benificial or we can say that is harmfull to our body.in these cases we create a meal plan to obstruct those meal plans.which is known as therapeutic diet ..it is prescribed by physicians.
As it is.nothing to define
Problem to understand
Piliya,skin dry,tootrh gums vitamin c
Children are more at risk for serio
Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, a blood disorder that causes fatigue, weakness, and a variety of other symptoms. us complications due to nutritional deficiencies than adults.and many more eg are there like
diarrhea, dementia, and skin problems Vitamin B-3
Problem to understand
As it isBasal metabolic rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest.
Resting energy expenditure, abbreviated as REE, is the amount of energy, usually expressed in kcal (food calories), required for a 24-hour period by the body during resting conditions. It is closely related to, but not identical to, basal metabolic rate.
As it is
The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an indivi
dual's basal metabolic rate (BMR) and daily kilocalorie requirements
Ree-as discussed earlier
In 1962, a group of like-minded nutritionists, dietitians and workers in the allied health fields resolved to form a scientific body to highlight the importance of dietetics and nutrition in the maintenance of health, and in the prevention and treatment of diseases
the Headquarters of IDA is located in Kolkata .
As it is
Now lets discuss how to modify the meal during illness and convalescence
On this slide we will see that how we can modify the food in proportion.
As it is
Epilepsy is a group of neurological diseases
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children
Now lets discuss an aspect where a person is unable to metabolise milk sugar that is lactose.in that case we provide him Modified carbohydates that is lactose free diet.
As it isA lactose free diet means eating foods that have no lactose. Lactose is a sugar that is a normal part of milk products. Some people do not break down lactose well. They may not have enough lactase, the enzyme that breaks lactose down in the body. Or, their body may make lactase that does not work properly. This may cause gas, bloating, cramping, or diarrhea when they eat or drink milk products. Following a lactose free diet may prevent these problems. Your caregiver or dietitian can help you decide if you need to be on a lactose free or low lactose diet instead.
Dumping syndrome is caused by large amounts of food passing quickly into the small intestine. This causes symptoms like abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, weakness, rapid heart beat, and fatigue. This diet will help stop the symptoms of dumping syndrome.
Likewise we can modify the fat content in food for the person who are not able to metabolise the fat or the person who is allergic to fat
Similarly we can modify the protein intake of food.
As it is
Many healthy and delicious foods are naturally gluten-free:
Beans, seeds and nuts in their natural, unprocessed form
Fresh eggs
Fresh meats, fish and poultry (not breaded, batter-coated or marinated)
Fruits and vegetables
Most dairy products
A low-purine diet is an eating plan that limits foods that contain purine. Purines are a natural substance found in some foods. When your body digests purine, a waste product called uric (say: “yur-ick”) acid is produced. A buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints can cause a type of arthritis known as gout.
Also electrolytes and minerals can be modified.
As it is