session 4 SPH 3.pptx

CHAPTER V
PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF
HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Planning process
• Planning a health education program is like
planning a journey. In planning a journey, you
know where you are and have to decide where to
go. Then you must decide the best way of
getting to your destination. If you do not arrive
at the place you wanted to go, you realize that
you are lost.
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Ambo University Woliso Campus, Nursing
Department

• Likewise, the starting point for health education
program is the present health situation, e.g.
level of immunization, family Planning coverage,
malnutrition status, or sanitation, that you would
like to improve to a better level, which is your
destination. To do this, you must decide on a
strategy - the methods you must use to improve
the situation. At the end, you evaluate your
program to find out if you have reached your
target - or have got lost!
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Steps in planning
1. Information gathering
A good way of finding out the present
situation is to carry out a community
profile or diagnosis. Following are
some types of information, which may
be helpful in understanding the
community and its health problems.
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1.1. The community and its general physical
characteristics
 The size of the community
 The kind of crops, food, natural resources
existing
 The transportation routes
 Localization of existing schools, religious
institutions, market places, recreational
facilities, health facilities and other public
and private services.
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1.2. Information on the number of people and
their characteristics
Number of people who live in the area
 Their sex and age group
Average size of a household
Average number of pregnancies, children
alive, and children died in the last one
year.
 Literacy status of the adults
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1.3. Community groups and their impact on the
health care system
Learn the existence of various
social groups and the nature of
relationships both within and
between those groups. E.g. Ethnic
class, religious groups etc
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1.4. The communication network
To reach the people in the community, it is
necessary for you to know how information and
rumors spread within the community.
• What the formal and informal channels are
• Who the participants in those channels are
• Who the communicators are and how effective they are
• Learn how various leaders communicate their ideas and
opinions and note to what extent their messages are
accepted.
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1.5. The family structure
Families vary in their composition and in their
descent, residence and authority patterns
understanding of the family structure, the
status of various members of the family and
who is involved in the decision-making process
within the family on all major decisions as well
as those related to health is valuable to work
with community.
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1.6. The political structure in the community
• Explore the basis for leadership and power within
the community.
1.7. The economy and its impact on health
• Know about businesses, industries, agricultural
conditions, unemployment, family debts, and how
the land is distributed. This information will
increase your knowledge of what is important to
the people and what resources are available to
them
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1.8. Religion and its impact on health
Religion may have a great influence on the lifestyle
of the community including the health practices
and beliefs of individuals.
• Who the major religious groups in the community,
their leaders & their roles in the community life
• Whether there is any conflict between them
• The attitude of the government and the
community to wards religious affiliated programs
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1.9. Health beliefs and practices
• How people define good health and disease
• Some people may believe that prevention of
illness is impossible, or very difficult
• Others may value only a particular method.
• What methods are used to help maintain their
health?
• What are people’s attitudes towards such
services as vaccinations, Family Planning,
insecticide spray etc.
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2. Defining and prioritizing problems
• Defining of specific health problems must involve
the community members.
• Ask questions in an attempt to find out how they
view the health situations. Start from the general
and work down to the specific problems you have
in mind.
eg. What needs to be done in this village to improve
their life?
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 What is the extent of the problem?
 How bad is the situation?
 What do people die of?
 Which groups or individuals are
most affected?
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• anticipate good community participation
and establish sustainable project
• you need to talk to the concerned offices
and community leaders and convince that
helping to meet the community’s goals
will make it easier for them to try to
improve their environment.
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Priorities criteria
1. Severity
2. Magnitude
3. Feasibility
4. Community concern
5. Government concern
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1.Magnitude
1 = very few people
2 = less than half of
people,
3 = half of people
4 = a majority of people
5 = every body
2.Severity
1. Not life threatening
2. Slightly life
threatening
3. Moderately life
threatening
4. Life threatening
5. Very serious life
threatening and
debilitating to community

3.Feasibility
1. No effective, simple
and quick innervations
2. Little effective,
simple and quick
innervations
3. Good effective,
simple and quick
innervations
4, Better effectiveness,
simple and quick
innervations
5. Best effective, simple
and quick innervations
4.Government concern
1. Not accept and
supported by government
2. Little accept and
support by government
3. Accept and supported
by government
4.Great accept and
5.Very great accept and

5.Community concern
1. Not accept and need by community
2. Little accept and need by community
3. Accept and need by community
4. Great accept and need by community
5. Very great accept and need by
community

3. Setting goals and Objectives
For a program to succeed, we must
know clearly what want to do and
how are going to do it.
An Objective is a statement of
proposed change over a fixed time
period.
It should be measurable, relevant
and possible to achieve.
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• What you want to change?
• How much change you want?
• For whom or for what you want
the change?
• When? By what time or date?
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4. Identifying and Obtaining
Resources
4.1. Resources inside the community
for two reasons:
First , it saves money.
second, people are proud to be able to
help themselves, to solve more problems
by their own efforts. examples:
• Places to hold meetings, discussions,
trainings, • donate money to buy
materials.
• Some have skills to contribute
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4.2. Resources outside the community
If resources within are not adequate one
may seek from outside:
• Some agencies and ministries can
donate funds
• People with special skills
• Educational materials
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5. Selecting appropriate Methods
Some basic issues to consider before choosing
health education methods:
• How fast do people change?
• How many people are involved?
• Is the method appropriate to the local culture?
• What resources are available?
• What combined methods are needed?
• What methods fit the characteristic
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Implementation
• The word ‘implementation’ means to carry out.
It is the act of converting your planning, goals,
objectives and strategies into action. In other
words, it is converting your planned activities
into action — according to a plan of work.
Conducting health education activities at a
community gathering, or during home visits, are
examples of implementation, or carrying out
health education activities.

Community members should be involved in all
your health education activities whenever
possible. This should improve the uptake of
your health education interventions, and
enable you to pool community resources,
including labour power. If the community
seems reluctant to participate in health
education activities, your plans stand much
less chance of being successfully
implemented.

2. Evaluating the program
• Evaluation is the process of looking back over
what has been done to be sure that things were
done the way they should.
• Evaluation is not a one-time event. It is a
continuous process how the program is
progressing according to a set time table in the
action plan.
• Information for evaluation program would be
obtained from observations, interviews, and
records.
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Following each step or activity, ask
questions such as:
• How well did we do?
• Did the plans work?
• Why did we succeed? Or fail?
• What do we do next?
• Did we learn from our mistakes or
successes?
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S.No Criteria
Identified Problem
Magnitude
Severity
Gov`t
concern
Community
concern
Feasibility
Total
Rank
1. Inappropriate solid waste
disposal
3 2 4 4 5 18 1
2. Inappropriate latrine with
no hand washing facilities
4 2 3 3 4 16 2
3. Inappropriate attitude
toward covid-19
2 3 4 2 4 15 3
4. Reproductive age group
mother Lack of Knowledge
about contraception
1 2 4 3 3 13 4
5. Households with rodents
and insects infestation.
4 1 2 2 3 12 5
6. Households with low 1 3 2 2 2 10 6

Priority
proble
m
Objecti
ve
Strateg
y
Activit
y
Time
frame
Resour
ce
Respo
nsible
person
/organi
zation

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