This seminar report will help many of Engineering Students who are in their final year of engineering course. Topic of Seminar report JET ENGIINE

1. SEMINAR ON
JET ENGINE
PRESENTED BY
TAUKEER KHAN
Roll no. 1525640911
MECAHNICAL ENGINEERING - SEM 8TH
DNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
 A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving
jet which generates thrust by jet propulsion in accordance with
Newton's laws of motion. This broad definition of jet engines
includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets, ramjets, and pulse jets.
jet engine is nothing but a Gas Turbine.

3. HISTORY OF JET ENGINE
 A young German physicist, Hans von Ohain, worked for
Ernst Heinkel, specializing in advanced engines, to develop
the world's first jet plane, the experimental Heinkel He 178.
It first flew on August 27, 1939. ... Meanwhile, in England,
Frank Whittle invented a jet engine completely on his own.

4. Principles of Jet Engine Operation
 The main function of any aeroplane propulsion system is to provide
a force to overcome the aircraft drag, this force is called thrust.
Both propeller driven aircraft and jet engines derive their thrust
from accelerating a stream of air - the main difference between
the two is the amount of air accelerated.
 Newton’s 3rd law of motion states that for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction
 Newton's 2nd law of motion which is summarized by the
equation F=ma (force = mass x acceleration). Basically the force or
thrust (F) is created by accelerating the mass of air (m) by the
acceleration (a).

5. WORKING OF JET ENGINE
 The engine sucks air in at the front with a fan
 A compressor raises the pressure of the air
 The compressed air is then sprayed with fuel and an electric spark lights the
mixture. The burning gases expand and blast out through the nozzle, at the
back of the engine
 The turbine is attached to the same shaft as the compressor. Spinning the
turbine causes the compressor to spin.
Fan sucks Air
Compressor compress air
turbine
combustion

6. PARTS OF JET ENGINE
 Fan
 Compressor
 Combustor
 Turbine
 Mixer
 Nozzle

7. BRAYTON CYCLE
 Gas turbines are based on the Brayton cycle. All jet
engines and gas turbines are heat engines that convert
thermal energy into useful work. ... In Jet
engine applications the work is in producing compressed air
and combustion products which are then accelerated to
provide reaction propulsion

8. TYPES OF JET ENGINES
 Turbo Fan Engine
 Turbo Jet Engine
 Turbo Shaft Engine
 Turbo Prop Engine
 Ram Jet
 Pulse Jet

9. INTRODUCTION OF TURBO FAN ENGINE
 A turbofan engine is a engine very similar to the jet engine. Like the turbojet, it uses the
same gas generator core i.e compressor, combustor, turbine, to produce thrust &
turbine is used to run the compressor as well as the fan.
 Turbofans differ from the turbojets in the way they have an additional component – a
fan.
The fan sucks in air & then further gets compressed & combustion takes place in the
burner.

10. Turbo Fan Engine
Turbo Fan Engine
Turbo Fan Engine Use in Aircraft

11. INTRODUCTION OF TURBOPROP ENGINE
 Many low speed transport & small aircrafts use turboprop engines.
Turboprop engines use a gas turbine core to turn the propeller.
 The core is similar to the turbojet or turbofan engine as discussed
above.
 The difference is instead of expanding all the gases through the nozzle
to produce thrust, most of the energy is used to drive the turbine. The
turbine then turns the drive shaft which rotates the propeller.

12. Turboprop engine
Aircraft fitted with Turboprop Engine

13. INTROFUCTION OF TURBOSHAFT ENGINE
 In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with
additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust
and convert it into output shaft power. They are even more similar
to turboprops.
 Turboshaft engines are commonly used in applications that require a
sustained high power output, high reliability, small size, and light
weight. These include helicopters, auxiliary power
units, boats and ships, tanks, hovercraft, and stationary equipment

14. MERITS & DEMERITS
Merits of Jet engine over IC engine
 mechanical efficiency of gas turbine is greater than that of IC engine
 A low-grade fuel can be used in a gas turbine. In some cases, even coal and
peat have been burnt.
 For the same output, the weight per horsepower of a gas turbine is about
one third that of a reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine
 The fuel and lubrication cost in a gas turbine is lower compared to an
internal combustion engine.

15. Demerits Of Jet Engines Over IC engine
 Thermal efficiency of Jet engine is low compared to IC engine.
 Difficult to start.
 Turbine blades need a special cooling system due high temperature

16. APPLICATION OF JET ENGINE
 Air transport Aircraft Industry
 The industry they’re most prominent in is in the transport
industry, where they are used to propel aircraft, boats, and in
some one of creations such as a turbojet powered truck.
 The first use of the jet engine was to power military aircraft.
 Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose i.e.
Traveling, carrying goods etc.
 As industrial gas turbine for power generation , natural gas ,
oil pumps etc

17. GE9X Turbofan Engine.
GE. At the 2013 Paris Air Show, GE Aviation unveils the latest in
its powerful class of turbofan engines
GE9X Turbofan Engine
 The GE9X utilizes some of the world’s most advanced materials
in the core of the engine, reducing weight and improving
efficiency.
 The GE9X will be the most fuel-efficient engine GE has ever
produced on a per-pounds-of-thrust basis.

18. THANK YOU