Communication is the exchange of information between individuals using common symbols. It has several purposes like collecting data, initiating interventions, and evaluating outcomes. There are different levels of communication ranging from casual acquaintances to close friends. Effective communication requires skills like active listening, empathy, and being knowledgeable. Barriers can occur at physiological, psychological, environmental, and cultural levels. Maintaining good nurse-patient relationships and providing effective patient teaching are important aspects of communication in healthcare.

1. COMMUNICATION
Definition:-
-Communication is a process of sharing information using a set
of common rules.
-Communication is a process by which information is
exchanged between individuals through a common system of
symbols, signs or behavior.
PURPOSES:-
To collect assessment data
To initiate intervention
To evaluate outcome of intervention
To initiate change which help in promoting health
To take measures for preventing legal problems associated
with nursing practice
To analyze factors affecting the health team

2. COMMUNICATION
 Definition:-It is a process by which two or more
persons exchange or share ideas ,facts, feelings
or impressions.
 Purposes:-In community communication is to
educate the public or certain specific groups
towards the development of attitude & behavior
that are likely to promote health & welfare. The
purpose of communication is classified in three
headings-
 Information
 Propaganda(publicity)
 Entertainment

3. LEVELS
Level 1-Conventional acquaintances a person communicates with strangers
to have casual quaintances in the conventional level.
Ex:-First encounter between the nurse and patient
Level 2 –Exploratory associates
Ex:-Relationship with collegues,neighbours,teaching to public etc
Levels 3-Participate friends
Ex:-Nurse and Doctor
Levels 4-Intimacy (closest friends)
Ex:-Two close friends

4. ELEMENTS
According to Berlo there are 4 elements they are as followes
o S-Source(sender-encoder):-The person who initiates
conversations or sending message.
o M-Message:-Message consist of verbal or nonverbal
information to the receiver.
o C-Channel:-The medium used to convey the message
o R-Receiver:-Listener, observer who interprets message.
MODES OF COMMUNICATION:-
By which communication occurs
1-Verbal Communication
2-Nonverbal Communication

5. TYPES
 Formal communication:-conversation between officials on
various positions.ex:nursing superintendent & staff nurse.
 Informal communication:-conversation between peoples
on non official matter. ex:Interaction between two close
friends
 One way communication:-It always flows in one direction
there is no feedback. ex: lecturer delivered by teacher in
class room.
 Two way communication:-In conversation feedback is
present. ex: group discussion
 Visual communication:-Message is conveyed using
symbols. ex: displayed posters or models in the exhibition
 Telecommunication:-Communicating in distant places with
help of electromagnetic appliances. Ex:
Television,radio,internet etc

6. SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
 Confidence
 Critical thinker
 Analytical
 Openmindness
 Active listener
 Empathetic
 Honest
 Confidentiality
 Knowledgeable
 Systematic
 Tactfulness

7. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
1- PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIER:
 Difficulty in hearing
 Difficulty in vision
 Difficulty in expression
MESSAG
E
CHANNELS
RECEIVE
R
FEEDBAC
K
SENDE
R

8. 4 – CULTURAL BARRIER:
 Level of knowledge & understanding
 Customs
 Belief
 Religion
 Language
2- PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER:
 Emotional disturbance
 Fear
 Level of intelligent
 Ego
3- ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER:
 Lack of ventilation
 Lack of privacy
 Over crowding

9. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
 Information
 Education
 Motivation
 Counseling
 Reduce stress
 Health promotion

10. NURSE PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
 Introduction:-NPR is a basic requirements of nursing
practice. These relationship find encouragement when we
are feeling down & comfort when we are hurting.
 Definition:-It is an interaction between two persons in which
the nurse offers a series of purposeful activities & practice
that are useful to particular patient.
 Types of relationships:-
 Social relationship
 Intimate relationship
 Therapeutic relationship

11. characteristics
• It is an intellectual and emotional bond between the
nurse and mainly focused on the client.
• It respects the client as an individual.
• Considering family relationship and values.
• Maximizing the clients abilities to participating in
decision making.
• It respects client confidentiality.
• It is based on the mutual trust, respect and
acceptance.

12. Developing Helping Relationship
The following points are important, to develop a nurse-
client relationship or helping relationship.
• listen actively.
• Be honest.
• Be aware of cultural differences.
• Maintain client confidentiality.
• Know your rolls and your limitations.

13. Phases of Relationship
Pre-interaction phase
Introductory phase
Working phase
Termination phase

14. Patient teaching
Teaching is given to enhance specific learning of
patient. Patient teaching is a creative interpersonal
experience, differs from other forms of teaching by
its client oriented relationship.
Definition: Patient teaching is a process involves
teaching the patient about reducing the health risk
factors, increasing clients level of wellness and
taking specific protective health measures.

15. Role of nurse in patient teaching
 Nurse is to identify clients learning needs.
 Motivate the client.
 Involving client actively.
 Topic of the client teaching should match with
clients need.
 The teaching should be simple to complex.
 She should provide peaceful environment while
teaching.
 She should observe the emotional and
physiological needs.
 The nurse should be knowledgeable and
confidence

16. Purposes of patient teaching
 To promote health,
 to protect health,
 to maintain health,
 to identify relevant health care needs of the
clients
 to provide psychological support during
teaching learning process,
 to keep nurse knowledgeable,
 to raise self confidence of nurse in teaching.

17. Importance of patient teaching
 Providing patient teaching is an important
independent function of nurse. As client has
a “right to know”, “right to information”, giving
information regarding clients health status is
mandatory now a days.
 Patient teaching improves nurse client
relationship.
 It helps in patients safe transition from one
level to another
 It helps client to make decision about his
health condition.

18. Guidelines for effective patient
teaching
 Development and maintenance of rapport between
nurse and client is important.
 Time for delivering teaching should be as clients
convenience.
 Nurse should have all communication skills.
 Local language should be perfectly used.
 Use of A.V.Aids faster learning and grasp the client
attention.
 Teaching with demonstration is effective.
 Repetition is necessary in teaching process.
 Active involvement of nurse and client is important