7. INTRODUCTION
• OPTICAL – LIGHT
• COHERENCE – LIGHT OF A CONSTANT PHASE DIFFERENCE
• TOMOGRAPHY – IMAGING BY SECTIONS
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) IS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY FOR
PERFORMING HIGH-RESOLUTION CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGING. IT USES INFRA
RED LIGHT RAYS INSTEAD OF SOUND. OCT CAN PROVIDE CROSS-SECTIONAL
IMAGES OF TISSUE STRUCTURE ON THE MICRON SCALE
8. • AXIAL RESOLUTION- 3-20 MICROMETERS
• USING INFRA RED WAVES OF WAVELENGTH 830 NM
• 78D INTERNAL LENS
• NON- INVASIVE
9. HISTORY
• 2002 - TD OCT
- 400-512 A SCANS/SEC
- ALONG WITH THIS AS OCT INTRODUCED
• 2004 – SD OCT(CONCEPT)
• 2007 – SD OCT
- 20K – 52K A SCANS/ SEC
- DEVELOPMENT OF SS OCT TECHNOLOGY
- 370K A-SCANS PER SEC
• 2014- FIRST COMMERCIAL OCT ANGIOGRAPHY DEVICE INTRODUCED
11. INTERFEROMETRY
• WHEN TWO WAVES OF LIGHT TRAVEL ALONG THE SAME PATH, THE EFFECT
PRODUCED DEPEND UPON WHETHER OR NOT THE WAVES ARE IN PHASE OR OUT
OF PHASE WITH ONE ANOTHER
14. WORKING
• LIGHT FROM REFERENCE AREA AND SAMPLE AREA COMBINED
• DIVISION OF THE SIGNAL BY WAVELENGTH
• ANALYSIS OF WAVELENGTH
• INTERFENCE PATTERN
• A-SCAN CREATED FOR EACH POINT
• B-SCAN CREATED BY COMBINING A-SCANS
15. 1. DIGITAL PROCESSING
2. DIGITAL SMOOTHING
• COLOUR CODING
Hyper reflective- Red Moderate Reflective-
Green to yellow
Hypo Reflective- Blue
to Black
ILM
RNFL
OPL, ELM, EZ
RPE- Choriocapillaries
complex
Inner Plexiform Layer GCL
INL
ONL
17. DISADVANTAGES
• BEST FOR ONLY OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT TISSUES
• DIMINISHED PENETRATION THROUGH RETINAL OR SUB RETINAL HAEMORRHAGE
• REQUIRES PUPIL DIAMETER GREATER THAN 3 MM
18.
19. TYPES OF SCAN DONE IN OCT
1. OCT MACULA
2. OCT DISC AND RNFL ANALYSIS
3. AS-OCT
4. OCTA
20. OCT MACULA
• 3D SCAN
• RADIAL SCAN
• RASTER SCAN
• MACULAR CUBE
a)3D scan b) Radial scan c)Raster Scan
33. DISEASES OF MACULA
• FULL THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE
• CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA
• ARMD
• CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
34. MACULAR HOLE
• 0- PERIFOVEOLAR DETACHMENT
• 1A- IMPENDING MACULAR HOLE
• 1B- OCCULT MACULAR HOLE
• 2- EARLY FTMH(PARTIAL OPENING OF
THE ROOF OF THE CYST)
• 3- ESTABLISHED FTMH
• 4- FTMH WITH PVD
35.
36. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAMELLAR AND
PSEUDO HOLE
LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLE
• INTRA RETINAL SPLIT WITH
SEPARATION OF THE INNER
AND OUTER FOVEAL RETINAL
LAYERS
• ABSENCE OF A FULL
THICKNESS FOVEAL DEFECT
PSEUDO HOLE
• AN APPEARANCE OF THE THE
RETINA DUE TO
CONTRACTION FROM THE
ERM
37. CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA
• CAUSES
1. OCULAR SURGERY AND LASER
2. RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASE
3. INFLAMMATION
4. DRUG INDUCED(NIACIN, GILENYA)
5. RETINAL DYSTROPHIES
6. CONDITION HAVING VMT; ERM
7. CNV
8. TUMOUR
9. CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
38. CLINICAL FEATURES
• RETINA CONSISTING OF FLUID ACCUMULATION IN THE OPL OF CENTRAL MACULA
• FORMATION OF VISIBLE CYSTIC SPACES
41. CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY
• MAYBE ASSOCIATED WITH PED
• PROLONGED SEPARATION OF NEURO RETINA FROM THE RETINAL PIGMENTED
EPITHELIUM
• PATIENT MAY PRESENT AS BULLOUS
INFERIOR PERIPHERAL RETINAL
DETACHMENT(NON-RHEGMATOGENOUS)
42. • OCT MAY REVEALS SRF, PED, RETINAL ATROPHY
FOLLOWING CHRONIC DISEASE
• NEUROSENSORY AND MACULAR DETACHMENTS
• ALSO HELPFUL IN IDENTIFYING THE DREADFUL
COMPLICATION OF CHOROIDAL NEO VASCULAR
MEMBRANE
43. AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
• LOSE OF VISION IN THE CENTER OF THE VISUAL FIELD
• MEDIUM AND LARGE SIZED DRUSEN
• DRUSEN
I. EXTRA CELLULAR DEPOSITS
TYPES
• WET
• DRY
71. OUT OF RANGE ERROR
• DUE TO IMPROPER POSITIONING OF THE MACHINE DURING IMAGE ACQUISITION
72. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS
• ULTRA HIGH RESOLUTION OCT
• DOPPLER OCT
• CAS OCT-VISANTE OCT
• COMBINED FFA AND EN-FACE OCT
• INTRAOPERATIVE OCT
• OCT ANGIO
73. IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE IN OCT
• LOOK OUT THE CLINICAL CONDITION
• LOOK OUT THE RETINAL AND MACULAR PROFILE
• EXAMINE THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
• ELIMINATE ARTIFACTS
• ALWAYS CORRELATE WITH CLINICAL FEATURES