No one knows when a chip will approach human intelligence, but I suspect it will be late in the 21st century.

1. BIOCHIP

2. OVERVIEW
● INTRODUCTION
● COMPONENTS OF BIOCHIP
● WORKING OF BIOCHIP
● APPLICATION
● ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
● FUTURE SCOPE
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3. INTRODUCTION
Biochips can be defined as ‘microelectronic-inspired devices that are used for delivery, processing, analysis, or
detection of biological molecules and species’.
These devices are used to detect cells, microorganisms, viruses, proteins, DNA and related nucleic acids, and small
molecules of biochemical importance and interest.
Biochips can also be used to rapidly detect chemical agents used in biological warfare so that defensive measures
can be taken.
A biochip comprises mainly three types: DNA microarray, protein microarray, and microfluidic chip.
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4. COMPONENTS OF BIOCHIPS
● THE TRANSPONDER
● COMPUTER MICROCHIP
● ANTENNA COIL
● TUNING CAPACITOR
● GLASS CAPSULE
● READER OR SCANNER
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5. ● Computer Microchip:The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10-15 digits long.
● Antenna Coil:This tiny, primitive, radio antenna “receives and send” signals from reader and scanner.
● Tuning Capacitor:This capacitor is charged by the small(1/1000 watt)signal send by the reader.
● Glass Capsule: It “HOUSES” all these components (computer chip, antenna coil, tuning capacitor) and is
made up of biocompatible material (soda lime glass).
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6. 1. GENOMICS
● DNA based biochip – it is used for detection of mutation in specific gene as diagnostic “markers”. It detects differences in gene
expression in diseased versus healthy individuals.
2. PROTEOMICS
● Protein based biochip – it has high throughput proteomic analysis and multi dimensional micro-separations. It is used for kinetic
analysis between proteins to enable accurate, transport free kinetics.
3. CELLOMICS
● It is the study of cells and their interactions.
● It facilitates in developing laboratories in cell platforms with nano probes.
4. MEDICAL IMPLEMENTATION
● It facilitates disease diagnosis and analysis development of bioware sensors which optimizes platform and reduction in detection
time. Ex – glucose detector, oxygen detector, blood pressure detector.
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APPLICATION OF BIOCHIPS

7. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES-
To rescue the sick
To find the lost people
Monitoring health condition
DISADVANTAGES-
They raise critical issue of personal privacy
They can be implanted into ones body without their knowledge.
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8. FUTURE SCOPE
1. In miniaturization of devices that will allow highly sensitive analysis of complex biological interaction in real
time with a low cost perception.
2. In representational difference analysis (RDA) for comparison of cDNA from two separate tissue sample
simultaneously.
3. In protein based biochip sector for drug lead screening or diagnostic tests and goals to control 3D
patterning of these proteins on the chips through nano patterning.
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