Natural disasters. All about Tsunamis; causes,mechanisms and Impacts.

1. The Tsunami; Its Mechanisms,
Socioeconomic and Environmental
Impacts
Presented by;
Mike Mukuwa 18140355

2. Introduction
Natural hazards; major adverse events from
natural processes of the earth.
– Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes,
landslides, tsunamis, floods, drought and
epidemics
Natural disasters; Effects of natural hazards.
 a serious breakdown in sustainability and
disruption of socioeconomic progress

3. What is a Tsunami?
Japanese word, meaning ‘harbor waves’
– devastating effects these waves have had on low-
lying Japanese coastal communities (Redcross,
2017)
It is a series of ocean waves with very long
wavelengths (typically hundreds of kilometers)
caused by large-scale disturbances of the
ocean
It measured in terms of Height in metres
respectively.

4. Measurement

5. Tsunami vs. Wind Waves

6. THE MECHANISM OR CAUSE OF
TSUNAMI

7. CAUSES OF TSUNAMI
1) Earthquakes 2) Landslides,

8. CAUSES OF TSUNAMI CONT’D
3) Volcanic eruptions(0r Nuclear explosions) 4) Falling Meteoroid

9. CAUSES OF TSUNAMI CONT’D

10. COMMON TSUNAMI ZONES
• almost three quarter of the world tsunamis occur
in the pacific ocean, about 30% of its tsunamis
occur in the region of Japan-Taiwan, Aleutian
islands, Alaska, Chile, New Zealand, Philippines,
where the mega thrusts (subduction zones) are
so common (Singapore, 2017).
• Nevertheless both destructive and minor
tsunamis occur also in the Indian Ocean, Atlantic
Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea

11. COMMON TSUNAMI ZONES

12. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF
TSUNAMIS
1. Death
 unfortunately escaping a
tsunami is nearly
impossible.
 Hundreds and
thousands of people are
killed by tsunamis.
 In Donggala District and
Palu City in the
Indonesian province of
Central Sulawesi, more
than 1,571 people were
confirmed dead from
Tsunami held On
September 28, 2018.

13. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TSUNAMIS
CONT’D
2. Diseases
 damaging the
infrastructure such as
sewage and fresh water
supplies for drinking.
 Flooding and
contamination of drinking
water can cause disease to
spread in the tsunami hit
areas.
 Illnesses such as malaria
arise when water is still
and contaminated.
 Infections and illnesses
spread very quickly,
causing more death

14. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TSUNAMIS
CONT’D
3. Tsunamis are Super
Expensive
Reconstruction &
clean-up after a
tsunami is a huge
cost problem.
Infrastructure must
be replaced, unsafe
buildings demolished
and rubbish cleared.

15. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TSUNAMIS
Recycling & disposal of this
waste in an environmentally
sensitive manner where
possible
(crushing concrete, bricks,
etc. to produce aggregate for
rebuilding) are critical.
Land animals are killed by
drowning and sea animals are
killed by pollution if dangerous
chemicals are washed away
into the sea= poisoning life.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TSUNAMIS
Contaminates the soil and
water, this causes salinity in
Rivers & wells. Also affects
fertility=Low yield in time.
It uproots trees and plants
and destroys animal
habitats.
Solid waste and disaster
debris Management

17. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TSUNAMIS
There may be radiation resulting from
damage to nuclear plants, as it happened in
Japan in March 2011.
Radiation is most dangerous to animals and
humans causing destruction as molecules
loose their electrons.
The damage caused by radiation to the DNA
structure determines birth defects, cancers
even death.

18. CONCLUSION
 Unfortunately, Tsunamis are not easy to escape.
 Some advances in technology enable us to predict the
occurrence of tsunamis but yet we cannot prevent
them from happening.
 Useful suggestion = partly mitigate = plant trees like
coconut, palms, and mangroves to cover the shoreline.
 According to (Roy, 2014) the effectiveness of such a
measure has been witnessed during the recent Indian
Ocean Tsunami when some coastal areas covered by
trees have escaped virtually unharmed, because much
of the Tsunami energy was worn out considerably in
the tree-covered belts.

19. REFERENCES
 Horses, R. R. (2018). What Causes a Tsunami? Indonesia: Owlcation.
 INGV. (2016). Tsunamis in the world. Cambia: INGV.
 Redcross, A. (2017). Talking about disasters; Guide for Standard
messages. Chicago: National Disaster Education Coalition.
 Relief, L. W. (2018). Indonesia Tsunami and Earthquake, 5th October
2018. No.1. Indonesia: Lutheran World Relief.
 Roy, A. B. (2014, July 6). Facts about Tsunami: Its origin, earthquake
link and prediction:. An Opinion, 18, pp. 330-335.
 Singapore, E. O. (2017). When is a tsunami mostly likely to happen?
Singapore: Earth Obeservation of Singapore.
 Sørensen, J., Vedeld, T., & Haug, M. (2006). Natural hazards and
disasters. Norway: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional
Research (NIBR).
 Tangaroa. (2018). What is a tsunami? Tsunami in New Zealand (pp. 56-
62). New zealand: Exercise Tangaroa.

20. 
Thank You…!!!