Hand tools

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Unit 7
Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware

Hand Tools
• Essential for work in design, construction,
maintenance, and repair

Classification of Tools
- Chisels and punches
- Screwdrivers
- Clamps
- Wrecking tools
- Digging tools
- Layout tools
- Saws
- Boring tools
- Hammers
- Pliers
- Wrenches

Layout Tools
• Used to measure or mark materials
• Examples
– rules
– square
– level
– chalk line
– tapes
– plumb bob

Saws
• Used to cut wood or metal
• Examples
– crosscut saw
– ripsaw
– dovetail saw
– hacksaw
– coping saw
– bow saw

Boring Tools
• Used to make or change the size or shape of
holes
• Examples
– drill bits
– power/hand drills
– countersink

Hammers
• Rely on their weight and/or speed to move
another tool or object
• Examples
– claw hammers
– sledges
– peen hammers
– mallets

Pliers
• Used to grip wood, metal, plastic, and other
materials
• Examples
– slip joint pliers
– linesman’s pliers
– locking pliers

Wrenches
• Used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws
• Examples
– wrenches
– sockets
– ratchets

Chisels and Punches
• Used to cut or align materials as a result of
being struck by a hammer
• Examples
– cold chisel
– wood chisel
– center punch

Screwdrivers
• Used to turn screws or other fasteners
• Examples
– flat head screwdriver
– Phillips head screwdriver
– torx screwdrivers
– nut drivers

Clamps
• Used to draw and hold objects together
• Examples
– C clamp
– bar clamp
– vise

Wrecking Tools
• Used to take apart existing structures and
materials
• Examples
– pry bar
– wrecking bar

Digging Tools
• Used to turn, loosen, or remove earth
• Examples
– shovel
– mattock
– hoe/trowel
– rakes
– posthole digger

Fasteners
• Any device used to hold two or more pieces
of material together or in place
• Examples
– nails
– screws
– nuts and bolts
– washers

Nails
• Driven into the material to be held
• Classified by use or form
• Length measured by the “penny”
• Generally made of steel or aluminum

Types of Nails
• Common—construction
• Cut—tongue-and-groove flooring
• Box—light household construction
• Finishing—interior finishing
• Shingle—nailing wood and shingles
• Roofing—rolled roofing and composition shingles
• Plasterboard—attach plasterboard to studs
• Hinge—fasten hinges on doors and cabinets
• Duplex—construction of concrete forms or electric fencing
insulators on wooden posts
• Wire staple—wire fence construction
• Lead head—galvanized steel roofing and siding

Screws
• Fastener with threads that bite into the
material it fastens
• Classified according to the material to be
held, the metal they are made from, the
shape of the head, or the type of tool needed
to turn them
• Size specified by the diameter and length of
shank

Bolts
• Fastener used with a threaded nut
• Usually straight with a round, square, or hex
head
• Examples
– machine bolt
– cap screw
– stove bolt
– plow bolt
– carriage bolt

Important Terms
• Tool: instrument used in doing work
• Hand tool: powered by hand
• Power tool: operated by a power source other
than human power
• Laminate: two or more flat pieces fastened
together with an adhesive
• Adhesive: sticky substance
• Diameter: distance across the center of a round
object
• Shank: long stem part of a nail or screw

Important Terms (continued)
• Head: enlarged top of a fastener
• Galvanized: coated with zinc
• Washer: flat disk with a hole in the center
• Hardware: special fasteners
• Hinge: pivots and permits a door or other object
to swing back and forth/up and down
• Gussets: used to reinforce joints in wood and
metal
• Flush plates: used to strengthen corners of frames
and doors

Hand tools

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