2. William Bagley

3. Teachers are the central figures in the classroom, transferring their knowledge to the students.

4. Core knowledge that students need to be educated citizens

5. Traditional academic disciplines, such as history and math.

6. Perennialism

7. Mortimer Adler

8. Teachers engage in extended dialogue with students, discussing and reasoning about the great ideas

9. Enduring ideas found in the great works of literature and art.

10. Progressivism

11. John Dewey

12. Teachers structure the learning activities and encourage students to explore the surprises that arrive.

13. Teachers alter the lesson plan/curriculum to match the needs of the students

14. Integration of study with real life experiences through active learning, problem solving, and experimentation.

15. Social Reconstructionism

16. Paolo Freire

17. Teachers guide students to think critically about social injustice and challenge oppression.

18. School promotes social and political reform by focusing on social problems and the need for change.

19. Existentialism

20. Kierkegaard and Jean Paul Sarte

21. Teachers support students in exploring their own interest.

23. Learner-centered

24. We all construct our own perspective of the world based on individual experiences and personal schemes, out internal learning structure.

25. A person will adjust their mental model to incorporate new experience and make sense of new information

26. Cognitive

27. Jean Piaget

28. Somewhat-learner centered

29. Learning is active, not merely passive

30. Symbolic mental constructions in the minds of learners help them process info.

31. Social Cognitive

32. Lev Vygotsky

33. Somewhat learner-centered

34. Internal mental processes are important

35. But we also learn through experiences shared with others

36. Learning is as much social as it is individual.

37. Behaviorism

38. B.F. Skinner

39. Teacher centered

40. Students respond to their external stimuli and learn the correct responses through rewards and punishments.

41. Teachers are in absolute control through the stimuli they present in the classroom.