This is about Medical Industry.

2. C.T Scan
Presented By:
Inam Ullah Khan (02)
Waleed Zafar (47)

3. What Is CT Scan?
CT stands for
Computed Tomography
It is a procedure,
in which we study
internal structure
of an object to
see any disease
in it without
cutting.

4. Tomography is a medical term, which refers to imaging by
sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of
penetrating wave, was invented by
Sir Godfrey Hounsfield.
In CT SCAN we used
RADIO FREQUECY WAVES
Called X-Rays
•LF : 125 kHz - 1342 kHz low frequencies,
•HF : 13.56 MHz high frequencies,
•UHF : 860 MHz - 960 MHz ultra high
frequencies,
•SHF : 2.45 GHz super high
frequencies

5. Structure of CT Scan Machine
A CT Scanner basically consist of
• Control Panel
• CPU
• Memory
• Rotating X-ray Beam
• Rotating X-ray Detector
• Data Acquisition Unit
• Image Reconstruction Unit
• Monitor and Printer

6. What is CT Scanner?
A CT ( computed tomography ) scanner is a
special kind of X-ray machine.
Instead of sending out a single X-ray through
your body as with ordinary X-rays, several
beams are sent at the same time from
different angles.
This allows more detailed images from within
the body to be constructed, and these images
are then interpreted by a doctor.

8. The X-rays flow from the
rotating x-ray beams, then
they passed through the
body they detected on
rotating x-ray detector.
When x-ray passed through
the body, the intensity of
the x-rays changed
according to the nature of
body.

9. When x-ray fall on the detector it produce
Electrical signal according to the rays.
The signal passed to the DATA
ECQUISITION UNIT to store these
signals temporarily.
After this, the IMAGE RE-CONSTRUCTION
UNIT receive these
signal and process it, after processing
signals it make 3-D (three dimensional)
images of internal structure of the body.

10.  These 3D images sent to the Computer for more processing.
 After this we can print out these images as hard form
on x-ray sheets

11.  Result:
 CT scans are usually carried out on an
outpatient basis, which means you'll be
able to go home on the same day as the
procedure.
 Your scan results won't be available
immediately. A computer will need to
process the information from your scan,
which will then be analysed by a
radiologist (a specialist in interpreting
images of the body).
 After analysing the images, the
radiologist will write a report and send it
to your doctor. This usually takes a few
weeks.

12.  Does a CT scan hurt?
 The examination does not hurt but some people find it
uncomfortable to lie within the scanner itself.
 Although the scanner is not tunnel shaped like an MRI
scanner, people who suffer from severe claustrophobia
sometimes have problems with CT scans. Let the doctors and
radiographers know if this might be a problem.
 Other people get slightly nervous because of the whirring noise
the machine makes while working.
 If the patient feels this might be the case, then this should be
discussed prior to the procedure being carried out, since the
patient may be unable to lie still during the scan therefore
giving pictures of such poor quality they could not be
interpreted anyway.

13.  Is a CT scan dangerous?
 Far more X-rays are involved in a CT scan than in ordinary X-rays,
so doctors do not recommend CT scans without a good
medical reason.
 However, the amount of radiation a patient is exposed to is
small, and therefore are unlikely to cause any long term harm.
 The risk is greatest to those who are pregnant, as radiation
exposure can cause harm to the fetus, and therefore CT scans
are contraindicated in pregnant women, unless the benefits of
performing the scan far outweigh the risks.
 Risks are also greater in children, when compared to adults, and
therefore a CT is only recommended if a child has a serious
condition that puts them at greater risk.

14.  Is a CT scan dangerous?
 Some patients may experience side-effects due to allergic
reactions to the liquid dye injected into the veins.
 In very rare cases, this dye has been known to damage
already weakened kidneys.

15. THANK YOU