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This PPT is about thermodynamics. It explains isothermal, isobaric, adiabatic, and isochoric processes. In-depth explanation of formulae and derivation is provided.
6. Depends on amount of matter.
Eg;- Mass,Vol,Moles,Heat
Capacity,Energy,Enthalpy,Entropy,Gibb’s
Free Energy,Internal energy
Does not depend on matter.
Eg:- Density,Refractive index, specific heat
capacity,pressure,temp,viscosity,concentra
tion
Molarity,Molality,mole
fraction,normality,molar entropy,molar
enthalpy,internal energy.
Extensive: Intensive:
7. Depends on initial and final state of a
system.
Does not depend on path of flow.
Eg:-
Pressure(P),Temp(T),Volume(V),moles(n),
Enthalpy(H),Entropy(S),Internal
Energy(U),Gibbs Free Energy(G)
Depends on path of flow.
Eg:-Heat(Q),Work(W)
State Functions: Path Functions:
11. PV Graph for all processes:
P
V
Isobaric
Isochoric Isobaric:ΔP=0
Isochoric:ΔV=0
Isothermal:ΔT=0
Adiabatic:ΔQ=0
12. Occurs in infinitely small steps -> Infinite
time to finish.
Slow
Each step in equilibrium.
Not practical.
W = - ∫ Pext dV
Occurs at once -> finite time.
Fast
Equilibrium initially and finally only.
Practical situation.
W = - 𝝨pΔV
Reversible Process: Irreversible Process:
13.
14. Heat given to the system -> +ve
Heat given by the system -> -ve
Work done on a system -> +ve
Work done by a system -> -ve
Conventions:
15. W=PV relation:
Pext = F/A ⟹ F = Pext x A
W = F Δx = Pext A Δ x ⟹ W = - Pext ΔV
Why -ve? By convention
16. P
V
dV
P
∫ dW = ∫ P dV
W = - ∫ Pext dV = Area under P-V
Graph
Expansion: W = -ve
Compression: W = +ve
17. Cyclic Process:
P
V
Wnet = Area of shape(ie square
in this case) enclosed
-ve for clockwise (as in this
case)
+ve for anti-clockwise
18. Isobaric(Δp=0): W= -Pext ΔV
Isochoric(ΔV=0): W = 0
Vacuum(Free Expansion):Pext = 0 ⟹ W = 0
Isobaric and Isochoric processes: