Biomaterials and their applications in Human body

1. BIOMATERIALS
AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS IN
HUMAN BODY

2. Topics
⊙ Definition
⊙ History
⊙ Characteristics of biomaterials
⊙ Classifications of biomaterials
⊙ Applications of biomaterials

3. What is Biomaterial ?
A Biomaterial is any material, natural or man-made,
that comprises whole or part of a living structure or
biomedical device which performs, augments, or
replaces a natural function.

4. History
•More than 2000 years ago, Romans and Chinese used gold in dentistry,
•1860’s : lister develops aseptic surgical technique.
•Early 1900’s: bone plates used to fix fractures.
•1930’s: introduction of stainless steel,cobalt chromium alloys.
•1938: first total hip prosthesis.
•1940’s: polymers in medicine.
•1952: mechanical heart valve.
•1960: first commercial heart valves.
•1970’s: PEO(polyethyleneoxide) protein resistance thin film coating.
•1976: Artificial heart.

5. Characteristics of biomaterials
Physical requirements
-hard materials.
-flexible material.
Chemical requirements
-must be non toxic to the body.
-must not react with any tissue in the body.
-long-term replacement must not be biodegradable.

7. Metallic biomaterials
The metallic system most frequently used in the body are:
□ iron-base alloys of the 316L stainless steel
□ titanium and titanium-base alloys
□ cobalt base alloys

8. Ceramic biomaterials
□ non absorbable
Like as aluminum, zirconia
□ bioactive
Like as certain glass ceramics and dense hydroxyapatite
□ resorbable
Like as calcium phosphate and calcium aluminates

9. Polymeric biomaterials
□ Polyvinylchloride
□ Polyamide
□ Polypropylene

10. Semiconductor Materials
□ carbon-carbon
□ Al2O3 onto carbon
□ reinforced methyl methacrylate bone cement

11. Examples of biomaterials applications
⊙ Dental implants
⊙ Hip replacements
⊙ Intraocular Lenses
⊙ Heart valve
⊙ Vascular Grafts

12. DENTAL IMPLANTS
 Made of pure titanium screw-
shape cylinder.
 Challenge: act as roots for crowns
and bridges, or as supports for
dentures.

13. HIP REPLACEMENTS
 Made of stainless steel.
 Challenge: prevention of wear and
loosening over extended periods
(10-15 years).

14. INTRAOCULAR LENSES
 Made of silicone, acrylic, and other
materials.
 Challenge: Combining long term
biocompatibility with optical
properties.

16. THANK YOU