I have defined and presented this problem in EU Water and Agriculture, further I'll upload ore presentation the modern techniques and final one would be the solution

1. The problem
( WATER for AGRICULTURE)
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF PÉCS
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology

2. Agriculture the back bone of Economy
 Agriculture is the main player of the economy of Pakistan with 21%
contribution to GDP and more than 45% contribution in labor force
 Pakistan’s agriculture rely heavily on irrigation.
 Pakistan has the world’s largest contiguous irrigation system
 Pakistan ranks 4th in the world as for as irrigated area ( About 7%) is
concerned. About 36 MA( About 75% of the cultivated area) in Pakistan is
irrigated land.

3. Water Resources of Pakistan
Rainfall
 Annual rainfall (125mm in South-East to 750mm North-West)
 Total water generated by rainfall is around
32 BCM
 Contribution to crops is 10-20%
Groundwater
 Exploitation of Groundwater is 59 BCM
 Over 9,00,000 private tube wells
 40% of total supply at farm-gate
Surface Water Resources
 Total Inflow is 171 BCM
 Tarbela DAM (10.38 BCM - 485 ft),
 Mangla DAM (5.90 BCM - 380 ft)
 48 Canals (61000 km), 19 Barrages
 1,70,000 Watercourses (1.6 Million km)

4. Future Water Scenario
Year Population Water availability
(Million) per capita (m3)
1951 34 5300
1961 46 3950
1971 65 2700
1981 84 2100
1991 115 1600
2000 148 1200
2010 168 1066
2020 196 915
2025 209 850

5. Major Concerns/Problems
A : Problems from management perspective
• Overall water scarcity, low water availability during winter and at the
beginning and end of summer with limited reservoir capacity.
• Physical and technical limitations of the system.
• Low efficiency in delivery and use.
• Inequitable water distribution.
• Inadequate operation and maintenance of the system
• Excess seepage and wastage in the system.
• Insufficient cost recovery
• Administrative and financial constraints.
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6. B- Problems from Farmer’s Perspective
• Unreliable and inequitable distribution of irrigation water.
• Deterioration of the canal system and frequent breaches due to
weak bands.
• Increased cases of water theft and failure of management to check
them.
• Increase in water disputes and delay in actions and justice.
• Political interference in system management.
• Increasing cost of groundwater extraction
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7. C- Problems From Society’s Perspective
• Overall poor performance of Government agency managed irrigation
system.
• Wastage of water and low water use efficiency.
• The failure of government to finance, recovery from farmers and high
cost of management.
• Financial mis-management and poor accountability.
• Lack of farmers participation in decision making.
• Political influence in management of irrigation water delivery system.
• Overexploitation of future water resources especially the groundwater
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9. Questions