presentation on nuclear battery and battery monitoring

1. SEMINAR ON
+ NUCLEAR BATTERY -
Presented By
MD MOHSIN
Final year (EEE)
Guided By
Prof. KUMARI MADAM

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Historical Development
 Energy Production Mechanism
 Fuel Consideration
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Q & A

3. Introduction
 Need for compact reliable light weight and self-contained power
supply.
 Chemical batteries required frequent replacements and are bulky.
 Fuel and Solar cells are expensive and requires sunlight
respectively.
 Can be used in inaccessible and extreme condition.
 Nuclear batteries have lifespan upto decade nearly 200 times more
efficient.
 Do not rely on nuclear reaction, son no radioactive wastes
 Uses emissions from radioactive isotope to generate electricity

4. Historical Development
 Idea was introduced in 1950 and patented to Tracer Lab.
 Radioisotope electric powersystem developed by Paul
Brown.
 He organized an approach to harness energy from the
magnetic field of alpha and beta particles using Radium-
226.
 Low efficiency due to loss of electrons.

5. Energy Production Mechanism
 Uses energy from beta particles.
 Provides extended battery life and power density.
 Beta particles from radioactive gas captured in Si wafer
coated with diode material.
 Absorbed radiation creates electron-hole pair.
 Results in the generation of electric current.

6. Representation of basic beta voltaic conversion
Electrode A (P-region) has a positive potential while electrode B (N-region) is
negative.

7. Before the radioactive source is introduced , no current flows
as the electrical forces are in equilibrium.
As a beta emitter is introduced , electrons are knocked out by
its energy.
Generates electron-hole pairs in the junction.
When beta particle imparts more than ionization potential the
electron rises to a higher level.
Potential difference drives electrons from electrode A through
the load where they give up the energy.

8. FUEL CONSIDERATIONS
The major criterions considered in the selection of fuels
are:
 Avoidance of gamma in the decay chain
 Half life( Should be more)
 Cost should be less.
Any radioisotope in the form of a solid that gives off alpha
or beta particles can be utilized in the nuclear battery.
 The most powerful source of energy known is radium-226.
 However Strontium-90 may also be used in this Battery

9. ADVANTAGES
 Life span- minimum of 10 years.
 Reliable electricity.
 Amount of energy highest
 Lighter withenergy density high.
 Efficient
 Reduces green house and associated effects.
 Fuel used is the nuclear waste from nuclear fission.

10. DISADVANTAGES
 High initial cost of production
 Energy conversion methodologies are not much advanced.
 Regional and country-specific laws regarding use and
disposal of radioactive fuels.
 To gain social acceptance.

11. APPLICATIONS
 Space applications
 Medical applications
 Mobile devices
 Automobiles
 Military applications
 Under-water sea probes and sea sensors

12. CONCLUSION
 Small compact devices of future require small batteries.
 Nuclear batteries increase functionality, reliability and
longevity.
 Batteries of the near future.
 With several features being added to this, nuclear cells are
going to be next best thing ever invented in the human
history.

13. THANK YOU