Introduction to Basic Life Support

1. AND CPR

2. Life Support:
•Is a series of
emergency life
saving
procedures that
are carried out
to prolong life of
a victim with life
threatening
emergencies

3. Basic Life Support:
•An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing
respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application
of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life
support is available.

4. Advanced Life Support:
•The use of special equipment to maintain
breathing and circulation for the victim of
an emergency
Prolonged Life
Support:
•For post resuscitative and long
term resuscitation

5. Initial check:
- Determine immediate threats to life.
 Physical exam and SAMPLE history

6. PRIMARY SURVEY
 A-AIRWAY
 B-BREATHING
 C-CIRCULATION
IN 2010 THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES FOR CPR HAS CHANGED
FROM A-B-C TO C-A-B IN ORDER TO ALLOW FASTER BLOOD CIRCULATION
 CONCIOUSNESS – CHECK FOR RESPONSE. ASSESS WHETHER THE VICTIM IS
CONCIOUS OR UNCONCIOUS

7. SECONDARY
SURVEY
 ALWAYS REMEMBER “SAMPLE”
S - SYMPTOMS
A - ALLERGIES
M - MEDICATIONS
P - PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
L - LAST ORAL INTAKE(MEALS AND
BEVERAGES)
E - EVENTS PRIOR

8. Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
•Is a combination of chest compression and rescue breathing.
This must be combined for effective resuscitation of the victim
of cardiac arrest.

10. 4 LINKS

11. 1. The First Link: EARLY ACCESS
It is the event initiated after the patient’s collapse until the arrival of
Emergency Medical Services personnel prepared to provide care.
2. The Second Link: EARLY CPR
It is most effective when started immediately after the victim’s collapse.
The probability of survival approximately doubles when it is initiated before
the arrival of EMS.
3. The Third Link: EARLY DEFIBRILLATION
It is most likely to improve survival. It is the key intervention to increase
the chances of survival of patients with “out-of-hospital” cardiac arrest.
4. The Fourth Link: EARLY ACLS
If provided by highly trained personnel like paramedics, provision of
advanced care outside the hospital would be possible.

12. •Check for Responsiveness:
•Tap the victim’s shoulder
and ask if he or she is all right.
•If the victim is not responsive,
have a bystander call Emergency
hotline.
•If you are alone with an
unresponsive child or
infant, give CPR for 2 mins (five
cycles), then call Emergency
hotline for help.

13. MEMORIZE THESE STEPS
1. SURVEY THE SCENE
2. CHECK RESPONSIVENESS – HEY!HEY! ARE YOU OK?
3. CALL FOR HELP. GET AN AED IF AVAILABLE
4. QUICKLY CHECK FOR PULSE AND CHECK BREATHING AT
THE SAME TIME
IF NO BREATHINNG NO PULSE
5. C-CHEST COMPRESSIONS: 30 X 5; 100-120/MIN;
2-2.4 INCHES DEEP
6. A-AIRWAY; HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT
7. B-BREATHING; 2 RESCUE BREATHS(1 SECOND/BREATH)

14. CONTINUATION:
8. CONTINUE CYCLES.
30 CHEST COMPRESSION:2 RESCUE BREATH/CYCLE
9. CHECK PULSE EVERY 2 MINUTES- C-A-B
10. CONTINUE UNTIL HELP ARRIVES(EMS)

15.  CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS – AT A DISTANCE
 CALL FOR HELP
 CHECK THE PATIENT’S BREATHING AND PULSE
 CHEST COMPRESSION (100-120 COMPRESSIONS PER
MINUTE)
 CONNECT AED
Source: PHILIPPINE RED CROSS
5-
C’s

16. CPR LIMITATIONS
WHEN NOT TO APPLY CPR
1. IF THE SCENE IS NOT SAFE(YOUR SAFETY IS YOUR
PRIORITY ABOVE ELSE)
2. IRREVERSIBLE DEATH
3. DNR ORDER(DO NOT RESUCITATE)
4. TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS
WHEN TO STOP
1. WHEN YOU ARE EXHAUSTED
2. PATIENT HAS BEEN REVIVED
3. SCENE BECOMES UNSAFE
4. IF HIGHER LEVEL OF TRAINING ASSUMED
RESPONSIBILITY(AMBULANCE CREW, DOCTOR)

17. TYPES OF WOUNDS
 OPEN WOUNDS- WOUNDS WITH EXPOSED UNDERLYING TISSUE/ORGANS AND OPEN
TO THE OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENTS.
 CLOSED WOUNDS- WOUNDS THAT OCCUR WITHOUT ANY EXPOSURE TO THE
UNDERLYING TISSUE AND ORGANS.

18. BLEEDING
 BLEEDING IS THE LOSS OF BLOOD FROM THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. CAUSES CAN BE FROM SMALL CUTS
AND ABRASIONS TO DEEP CUTS AND AMPUTATIONS.
INJURIES TO THE BODY CAN ALSO RESULT IN INTERNAL
BLEEDING, WHICH CAN RANGE FROM MINOR SUPERFICIAL
BRUISING TO MASSIVE BLEEDS.

19. LIFE THREATENING
BLEEDING
1. LOSS OF ALL OR PART OF AN ARM OR LEG
2. BLOOD THAT IS SPURTING OUT OF THE WOUND
3. BLOOD THAT IS POOLING ON THE GROUND
4. BLOOD THAT WON’T STOP COMING OUT OF THE WOUND
5. BANDAGES THAT ARE SOAKED WITH BLOOD
6. CLOTHING THAT IS SOAKED WITH BLOOD
7. BLEEDING IN A VICTIM WHO IS NOW CONFUSED OR
UNCONSCIOUS (HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK)
(SOURCE: THE COMMITTEE OF TRAUMA)

20. WAYS TO STOP
BLEEDING
 DIRECT PRESSURE-APPLYING PRESSURE DIRECTLY AND ELEVATING THE
AFFECTED AREA TO STOP THE BLEEDING
 INDIRECT PRESSURE-USED IN SITUATIONS WHERE THE DIRECT PRESSURE IS
NOT POSSIBLE OR INEFFECTIVE; MOSTLY DONE BY MEDICALLY TRAINED RESPONDERS
AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS

21. DIRECT PRESSURE
 WEAR PROTECTIVE DEVICES(GLOVES)
 FIND AND EXPOSE THE WOUND
 USE CLEAN CLOTH, GAUZE, YOUR HANDS OR
VICTIMS HANDS
 PLACE IT DIRECTLY ABOVE THE WOUND AND HOLD
IT DOWN UNTIL THE BLEEDING HAS LESSENED AND
STOPPED
 IMPORTANT NOTE: WHEN THE WOUND HAS AN
EMBEDDED OBJECT DO NOT REMOVE THE OBJECT
AS IT HELPS SLOWS DOWN THE BLEEDING APPLY
PRESSURE AROUND THE OBJECT

22. INDIRECT PRESSURE
 WEAR PROTECTIVE GEARS
 FIND AND LOCATE THE WOUND
 SCENE1- IF THE WOUND IS LOCATED ON THE
ABDOMEN CONTINUE USING DIRECT PRESSURE
 SCENE2- IF THE BLEEDING IS AT THE EXTREMETIES
(ARMS AND LEGS) USE A TOURNIQUET (OR ANY
SIMILAR DEVICES
 TOURNIQUET MUST BE PLACED 2-3INCHES ABOVE THE
BLEEDING AND TIGHTEN AS MUCH AS POSSIBE TO
STOP ALL CIRCULATION TO THE INJURED LIMB AND
CONTROL THE BLEEDING
 WRITE AND REPORT THE TIME THE TOURNIQUET WAS
APPLIED TO THE DOCTORS OR PARAMEDICS

23. REMEMBER, TO STOP BLEEDING:

24. FRACTURE
 TYPES OF FRACTURE
OPEN FRACTURE
- WHEN THE
FRACTURED BONE
HAS BEEN EXPOSED
TO THE OUTSIDE
ENVIRONMENT
CLOSED FRACURE
- FRACTURED BONE
WAS NOT EXPOSED
TO THE OUTSIDE
ENVIRONMENT

25. TREATMENT
1. CALL FOR HELP
2. IMMOBILIZE THE INJURY WITH HAND, CUSHION, OR A
SPLINT
3. WRAP THE FRACTURED AREA WITH SPLINT OR SIMILAR
DEVICES AND BANDAGE TO IMMOBILIZE THE AFFECTED
AREA
4. MAKE SURE THE INJURY IS SUPPORTED UNTIL HELP
ARRIVES
NOTE: DO NOT ATTEMPT TO PUT BACK THE
DISLOCATIONS OR FRACTURED AREA;
YOU MAY CAUSE FURTHER DAMAGE
FRACTURE

26. BURNS
 CAUSED WHEN THE SKIN COMES INTO
PROLONG CONTACT WITH HEATED
OBJECTS OR FIRE

27.  TREATMENT
1. COOL THE AFFECTED ARE FOR 10 MINUTES; THE FASTER AND
LONGER THE BURN IS COOLED THE LESS THE IMPACT OF THE
INJURY.(FOR MINOR BURNS ONLY)
2. IF THE BURN REQUIRES FURTHER MEDICAL CARE; COVER THE
BURN WITH PLASTIC WRAP AS IT HELPS TO PREVENT
INFECTIONS; DOESN’T STICK TO THE BURN AND REDUCES THE
PAIN BY KEEPING AIR FROM THE SKIN SURFACE
NOTE:
- BUTTER/CREAMS DOES NOT COOL THE BURN. ALL OILS RETAINS HEAT AND ANYTHING
THAT WAS APLLIED FOR THE BURN WILL BE REMOVED AT THE HOSPITAL WHICH WILL
LEAD TO FURTHER PAIN.
- ICE MAY CAUSE FURTHER DAMAGE TO THE SKIN; USE ANY COLD RUNNING LIQUID.
- DO NOT PUT ADHESIVE BANDAGE AS THEY WILL STICK TO THE SKIN AND CAUSE MORE
DAMAGE.
- DO NOT REMOVE ANY CLOTHES OR JEWELRIES THAT ARE STUCK TO THE BURN.
BURNS

28. HEAT RELATED
INJURIES
 HEAT STROKE- WHEN
THE BODY
TEMPERATURE
REACHES OVER 40
DEGREE CELCIUS
 HEAT EXHAUSTION-
STARTS WITH GENERAL
MUSLE WEAKNESS,
SUDDEN EXCESSIVE
SWEATING, NAUSEA
AND VOMITING AND
POSIBLE FAINTING

29. HEAT EXHAUSTION
TREATMENT
1. MOVE THE PERSON TO A COOLER AREA
2. REMOVE OR LOOSEN TIGHT CLOTHING
3. APPLY COOL OR WET TOWELS TO THE SKIN
4. FAN THE PERSON
5. IF THE PATIENT IS CONSIOUS GIVE SMALL
AMOUNTS OF COOL WATER DRINK SLOWLY.
6. IF THEY VOMITS OR LOSE CONCIOUSNESS CALL
FOR HELP AND BRING TO THE NEAREST
HOSPITAL.

30. HEAT STROKE
TREATMENT
1. CALL FOR HELP
2. MOVE TO A COOLER AREA
3. REMOVE OR LOOSEN ANY TIGHT CLOTHING
4. USE WET TOWELS TO COOL THE SKIN
5. FAN THE PERSON
6. IF NEEDED; CONTINUE RAPID COOLING BY APPLYING ICE
WRAPPED IN A CLOTH OR COLD PACKS TO THE WRISTS,
ANKLES, GROIN, NECK AND ARMPITS

31. SPRAIN AND STRAIN
 SPRAIN INJURES THE BANDS OF TISSUE
THAT CONNECTS TWO BONES TOGETHER.
 STRAIN INVOLVES AN INJURY TO A
MUSCLE OR TO THE BAND OF TISSUE THAT
ATTACHES A MUSCLE TO A BONE.

32. REMEMBER THE MNEMONIC RICE
R - REST THE INJURED AREA
I - IMMOBILIZE THE AREA IN THE POSITION IT
WAS FOUND
C - COLD COMPRESS APPLY COLD COMPRESS
THIS WILL HELP REDUCE THE PAIN AND
SWELLING
E - ELEVATE ONLY IF IT DOES NOT CAUSE
MORE PAIN
SPRAIN AND STRAIN

33. 3 P’s OF FIRST AID
PRESERVE LIFE – Stop
the person from
possible death by
providing First Aid
PREVENT
WORSENING– Avoid
letting the person to
gain more injury or
pain
PROMOTE
RECOVERY– Help
the person to heal
from injuries

34. COMPONENTS OF BASIC
FIRST AID KIT
• PLASTERS
• GAUZE
• ROLLER BANDAGE
• DISPOSABLE GLOVES
• ALCOHOL
• POVIDONE IODINE
• SURGICAL TAPE
• SCISSORS
• TRANGULAR BANDAGE
• MEDICINES
• TWEEZERRS
• FIRST AID MANUAL(PREFFERED)