3. DEFINITION
The dynamics of any infectious disease are
heavily dependent on the rate of transmission
from infectious to susceptible hosts.
4. LIST OUT THE DYNAMICS OF
DISEASE TRANSMISSION.
Source or reservoir
Modes of transmission
Susceptible host
RESERVOIR:-
A reservoir is defined as "any person, animal,
arthropod, plant, soil or substance (or
combination of these) in which an infectious agent
lives and , multiplies.
5. Types of reservoir
Human reservoir
Animal reservoir
Reservoir in non living things
HUMAN RESERVOIR
The most important source or reservoir of
infection is man himself, He may be a case or
carrier.
CASE :- Individual with particular disease due to
presence of infectious agent.
6. ANIMAL RESERVOIR
The source of infection may sometimes be animals
and birds. These like human sources of infection
may be cases or carrier.
RESERVOIR IS NON-LIVING THINGS
Soil and inanimate matter can also act as reservoirs of
infection.
For example:- soil may harbour
agents that cause tetanus,anthrax.
7. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Communicable disease may be transmitted
from the source of infection to a
susceptible individual in many ways,
depending upon the infectious agent
portal of entry and the local in ecological
conditions.
THE MODE OF TRANSMISSION MAY BE
CLASSIFIED AS:
A. DIRECT TRANSMISSION
B. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
8. DIRECT TRANSMISSION
1. Direct contact
2. Droplet infection
3. Contact with soil
4. Inoculation into skin or mucosa
5. Transplacental (vertical)
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
1. Vehicle-borne (mechanical)
2. Vector- borne (biological)
3. Air- borne (droplet nuclei,dust)
9. cont____
4 FOMITE- BORNE
An inanimate object that carries infectious disease
agents.
Examples:
classroom doorknob
discard tissues
5 UNCLEAN HANDS AND FINGERS.
10. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
Four stages have been described in successful
parasitism:
1) PORTAL OF ENTRY
2)SITE OF ELECTION
3)PORTAL OF EXIT
4)LOW GRADE IMMUNITY
Portal of entry :-
Portal of entry by which it
may enter the host. There are many portals of
entry e.g., respiratory tract, alimentary tract,
genitourinary tract, skin, etc..
11. SITE OF ELECTION:-
site of election in the body of the host
where it may find optimum condition for its
multiplication and survival.
PORTAL OF EXIT
Portal of exit in order that it may reach a new
host and propagate its species. if there is no
portal of exit, the infection become a dead-
end infection as in rabies, bubonic plague
and tetanus.
12. LOW- GRADE IMMUNITY:-
Low grade immunity so that the host is
vulnerable again and again to the same
infection.
the best example is common cold virus.
14. CONCLUSION
The environment plays a powerful role
in the transmission of infectious
disease, including Vector Borne
Disease. hence it's therefore of huge
significance to public health strategies
around the world.
15. JOURNAL ABSTRACT
Modern infectious disease epidemiology has a strong
history of using mathematics both for prediction and to
gain a deeper understanding. However, the study of
multiple disciplines, in particular a biological knowledge of
the pathogen statistical description of the available data
and a mathematical framework for prediction.The dynamic
of any infectious disease are heavily dependent on the rate
of transmission from infectious to susceptible hosts in
many disease parameter, the probability of Transmission β.
However closer examination reveals how β can be further
decomposed into a number of biological relevant, variable,
including contact rate among individual and the probability
that contact events actually result in disease transmission.
16. BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
PARK’s textbook of preventive and social
medicine, K.PARK. Published by: BHANOT
1970-2021,26thedition.
Essentials of community health nursing ,
BT Basavanthappa , publised by:- jaypee
brothers medical publishers.
17. I. What are the types of reservoir ?
II.What are the best example of low grade
immunity ?
III.How many types of mode of
transmission?
